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Controlling - Coggle Diagram
Controlling
Foundations of control
What takes place as managers control
control process
comparing actual performance against a standard
Determining the degree of variation between actualperformance and the standard.
Range of variation允许偏差/误差范围 - the acceptable parameters of variance between actual performance and the standard.实际表现与标准之间的可接受的差异参数。
taking managerial action to correct deviations or to address inadequate standards采取管理行动来纠正偏差或解决不适当的标准
Correct actual performance:immediate corrective action,basic corrective action
Revise the standards
Do nothing
measuring actual performance
To determine actual performance ,a manager must first get information about it
Management by walking around(MBWA)
is a phrase used to describe when a manager is out in the work area,interacting directly with employees and exchanging information about what's going on管理者走进工作现场与员工互动
include personal observation（intimate knowledge of the actual activity对实际活动的熟悉）,statistical reports（measuring actual performance）,oral reports（keep tabs on work performance密切关注工作表现）,and written reports
What should managers control
Keeping track:what gets controlled跟踪:什么被控制
Keeping track of organization's
information
:infomation--a critical tool for controlling other organizational activities
A
Management information system(MIS)管理信息系统：定期向管理层提供所需信息的系统
information about:what is happening within their area of responsibility
the standards
determine if deviations偏差 are acceptable
develop appropriate courses of action
B
an organizational resource that needs controlling
Keeping track of
employee performance
Keeping track of an organization's
finaces
:traditional financial controls include:
Ratio analysis
;
Budget analysis
:planning tool,controlling tool
Keeping track using a
balanced scorecard
approach
Balanced scorecard
approach looks at more than the financial perspective by typically looking at four areas that contribute to a company's performance平衡计分卡方法通过典型地观察有助于公司业绩的四个领域，看的比财务角度更多
四个领域：financial,customer,internal processes,people/innovation/growth assets
When does control take place
Management can implement conrols
before an activity commences
,
during the activity
,or
after the activity has been completed
Link Title
the second is
concurrent control
:takes place while a work activity is in progress
the last is
feedback control
:the control takes place after the activity is done
Advantages:1.gives managers meaningful information on how effective their planning efforts were
2.enhance motivation
The first type is called
feedforward control
:prevents problems because it takes place before the actual activity
The key to feed forward controls is taking managerial action before a problem occurs
What is control and why is it important
Control控制 :The management function that involves monitoring activities监测活动to ensure that they're being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations显著偏差
Although an organizational structure created to facilitate efficient achievement of goals, and employees motivated through effective leadership .虽然组织结构是为了促进目标的高效实现而创建的，并且通过有效的领导激励员工。
But there's no assurance that activities are going as planned and that the goals employees and managers are working towards are.但是，不能保证活动是否按计划进行，员工和管理者的工作目标是否达到。
The value of the control function can be seen in three specific:Planning,Empowering employees,Protecting the workplace
Two control issues today
cross-cultual differences and workplace concerns
Operation management
How is value chain management done
What are the requirements for successful value chain management
organizational processes
Leadership
Technology investment
Employees
Coordination and collaboration
Organizational culture and attitudes
How and why value is determined by the marketplace has led some organizations to experiment with a new
business mode商业模型
A strategic design for how a company intends to profit from its broad array of strategies,processes,and activities一个公司如何从其广泛的战略、过程和活动中获利的战略设计
What is value chain management and why is it important
What is value chain management
Value chain management(VCM):is externally oriented and focuses on both incoming materials and outgoing products and services以外部为导向，关注来料和出库产品和服务 .
VCM is effectiveness oriented and aims to create the highest value for customers以效率为导向，为客户创造最高价值
Who has the power in the value chain
Manufacturer contributes to creating a product or service is critical制造商对产品或服务的贡献是至关重要的
Distributor makes sure the product or service is available where and when the customer needs it经销商确保产品或服务在客户需要的地方和时间都是可用的
Supplier have the ability to dictate规定 prices and quality
Customers are the ones with the power
Goals of value chain management:
1.Sequence of participants work together as a team,each adding some component of value参与者序列作为一个团队一起工作，每个人都增加了一些价值的组成部分
2.The better the collaboration among the carious chain participants,the better the customer solution价值链参与者之间的协作越好，客户解决方案就越好
3.When value is created for customers and their needs and desires satisfied everyone along the chain benefits当为顾客创造价值时，他们的需求和愿望就能满足链条上的每个人的利益
How does value chain management benefit businesses
Improved logistics
Improved product development
Improved procurement
Enhanced customer order management加强客户订单管理
Why is operations management important to organizations
What is operations management
Operations management
refers to the design ,operation,and control of the transformation process that converts such resources as labor and raw materials into goods and services that are sold to customers
是指将劳动力、原材料等资源转化为销售给顾客的商品和服务的过程的设计、运营和控制
Why is operations management so important to organizations and managers
2.It's important in effectively and efficiently managing productivity这对于有效地管理生产力很重要
3.It plays a strategic role in an organization's competitive success它在一个组织的竞争成功中扮演着战略性的角色
1.It encompasses processes in services and manufacturing organizations它包含服务和制造组织中的流程
It's the manager's job to manage those things
How do service and manufacturing firms differ
manufacturing organizations
produce physical goods
service organizations produce nonphysical outputs in the for of services
All organizations produce goods or services through the
transformation process