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Diabetes mellitus - Coggle Diagram
Diabetes mellitus
Type 1
Autoimmune destruction of beta cells in pancreas, leading to absolute insulin deficiency
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Gestational DM
Secondary to insulin resistance (associated with placental hormones) and relative insulin deficiency during second one-half of the pregnancy
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Treatment
Insulin therapy
Insulin therapy is the mainstay for patients with type 1 DM and in most patients, frequent multiple dosing plan are common. Continuous insulin delivery via pumps also is a fairly common practice.All of these methods typically involve subcutaneous injection.
Pramlintide
Since the secretion of amylin from islets in patients with type 1 also is defective. Amylin injections may help with glucose control.
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Transplantation
Transplantation of the whole pancreas or isolated islet cell is one of the treatment options for patients with type 1 DM.
Diagnosis
• Symptoms of diabetes plus casual plasma glucose
concentration equal to or greater than 200mg/dl.
• Fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dl
• Two-hour postload glucose equal to or greater than
200mg/dl during an oral glucose tolerance test.
• If fasting glucose level are normal, the diagnosis must be based on a Glucose Tolerance test.
Symtoms
Type 2 :
- Urinating a lot
- Increased thirst
- Slow-healing sores
- Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
- Frequent infections
Type 1 :
- Feeling more thirsty than usual
- Urinating a lot
- Feeling very hungry
- Losing weight without trying
- Feeling tried and weak
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Definition
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder Characterized by impaired action, secretion of insulin or both, resulting in hyperglycemia
Risk factor
- Having a family history (parent or sibling) of Type 1 diabetes.
- Injury to the pancreas (such as by infection, tumor, surgery or accident).
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- Presence of autoantibodies (antibodies that mistakenly attack your own body’s tissues or organs).
Type 2
- Family history (parent or sibling) of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes.
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- Having high blood pressure.
- Having low HDL cholesterol (the “good” cholesterol) and high triglyceride level.
GDM
- Family history (parent or sibling) of prediabetes or Type 2 diabetes.
- Being overweight before your pregnancy.
- Being over 25 years of age.
Causes of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes occurs when your immune system, the body’s system for fighting infection, attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
Type 2 diabetes—the most common form of diabetes—is caused by several factors, including lifestyle factors and genes.
Overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity
Extra weight sometimes causes insulin resistance and is common in people with type 2 diabetes.
Scientists believe gestational diabetes, a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, is caused by the hormonal changes of pregnancy along with genetic and lifestyle factors.