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History chapter 7 - Coggle Diagram
History chapter 7
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Riots
Maria Hertogh Riots
BG info
- custody battle for Maria Hertogh, 13
- born to Dutch Catholic parents but was separated during JO from parents and taken under care of Che Aminah
- Maria was raised as muslim under Che Aminah's care - Muslim name is Nadra
- Adeline Hertogh, Maria's birth mother wanted to reclaim Maria, Brit judge ruled for Maria to return to her natural parents
Reasons for MH riots
1) Brit mishandled the custody case
- put Maria in a Catholic convent while the case was fought
- seen as disrespect to Muslim Community bc Maria was raised Muslim
- religious insensitivities
Reasons for MH riots
3) Perception of Muslim community
- saw Brit as siding w dutch parents - short [15min] court hearing - seen as unfair - increased anti-Brit, anti-European feelings
Reasons for MH riots
2) Media sensationalized Maria staying at the Convent
- published photos of Maria kneeling in front of Virgin Mary statue
- media coverage published by Muslim publications described it as "holy war"
- made Muslims angry, increased anti-Brit, anti-European feelings
Consequence
- riots lasted 3 days, 18 ppl killed, 173 injured
- highlighted insensitive religious and racial issues in Sg
Anti-NS Riots
BG info
- expression of anti-colonial feelings
- post-war Brit govt felt that Sg should take responsibility for its own defence
- 1953 - NS ordinance required all men from 18-20yo to register for NS - those that failed to do so were jailed/fined
Reasons for anti-NS riots
1) Education being disrupted again
- many boys education was being disrupted bc of WW2 - NS would disrupt their studies again
Reasons for anti-NS riots
2) Chinese Mid Sch students felt discriminated by Brit while Brit favoured Eng Mid Sch
- bc Sg had no Chinese Unis - had to study overseas in China - Brit did not allow such students to return from China > so CMS Students were releuctant to defend a foreign govt
What happened
- 500 students held protest march on 13 May 1954
- Brit deployed riot police
- peaceful demonstration became violent w 26 injured
- Brit ordered closure of all Chinese Medium Schs, escalating unrest
- 22 May, Chung Cheng high students locked themselves in classrooms to protest and went on hunger strike
Consequence
- Brit postponed NS registration
- postponing registration boosted Chinese educated students morale encouraging them to be more polit - formed SCMSSU [Sg Chinese Mid Sch Student Union]
- Chinese community sympathised w students disapproved of Brits violence
Hock Lee Bus Riots
- Apr 1955, members of Sg Bus Workers' Union [SBWU] protested against poor working conditions, long hours and low pay by going on strike
- HLB company dismissed 229 workers
- 10 000 students supported the striking bus workers
- 12 May 1955, tensions climaxed, strikers fought against the police, 4 died, 31 injured
- 14 May, riots ended after govt negotiated agreement between the unions an HLB co.
Consequence
- Marshall sympathised w students in just against colonial edu
- led to registration of SCMSSU, students agreed to condition to keep union out of politics
- Pro-communists however did not plan on keeping the agreement
- riots included students, communist politicians, workers and govt. many students were influenced by pro-communist
- LF came out of the situation looking weak and Brit did not see LF as capable of containing the communist problem > lead to problems w independence
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