Impact of WW1 in Europe
reasons for outbreak of WW1
competition for colonies (imperialism)
alliances
nationalism
assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary (1914)
arms and naval race (militarism)
impact of the war
casualties
Britain: >900K soldiers died
France: >1300K soldiers died
Germany: >1700K soldiers died
Italy: 650K soldiers died
Russia: 1700K soldiers died
USA: 126K soldiers died
political impact
new nation-states & boundaries created
resistance against war & conflict
economic impact
economic debt (reparations)
high unemployment
social impact
equality for women
racial equality
class equality
loss of lives
Treaty of Versailles
motivations & aims of countries involved in the negotiation
France (Georges Clemenceau)
Britain (David Lloyd George)
Italy (Vittorio Orlando)
Japan (Saionji Kinmochi)
USA (Woodrow Wilson)
long-lasting peace, international governance
territorial gain
territorial gain
revenge, compensation
compensation, justice
terms
war guilt clause
territorial reductions
demilitarisation
self-determination
reparations
formation of the LON
impact
German humiliation
German territorial reductions
LON
aim (why it was formed)
ensure world peace by promoting collective security through negotiations
promote collective security through disarmament
promote social development by improving SOL
peacekeeping measures
military sanctions
arbitration
moral persuasion
economic sanctions
disarmament
structural weaknesses
too much power in the hands of the council
lack of credibility: league for victors
lack of authority: enforcement probs on moral persuasion
lack of authority: enforcement probs on military interventions
lack of authority: enforcement probs on economic sanctions
limited membership of the league
post-war attitudes of major powers
national interests superseded collective interests