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Traveler’s Diarrhea - Coggle Diagram
Traveler’s Diarrhea
Epidemiology
The disease is present if travelers develop at their destination 3 or more unformed stools per 24 hours plus at least 1 additional symptom, such as abdominal cramps, tenesmus, nausea, vomiting, fever, or fecal urgency.
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Risk Groups
Environmental Factors
Destination, duration of exposure, travel style and the available budget.
Host Factors
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Residence in areas with high incidence of traveler’s diarrhea and exposure to ETEC can result in partial immunity.
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Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a higher incidence of traveler’s diarrhea and longer duration of diarrhea and abdominal pain relative.
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Etiology
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Microbiology
ETEC (heat-labile and heatstable toxin producing), enteroaggregative E coli, diffusely adherent E coli.
Noroviruses, rotavirus, Salmonella, Campylobacterjejuni, Shigella species, Aeromonas species, Plesiomonas shigelloides.
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Vibrio species; the parasites Giardia duodenalis, Cryptosporidium species, Entamoeba histolytica.
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Bibliography
Steffen, R., Hill, D., & DuPont, H. (2015). Traveler’s Diarrhea A Clinical Review. JAMA Network, 313(1), 71-80. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.17006
