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Alzheimer - Coggle Diagram
Alzheimer
Mangement
Evaluation of aggression/agitation cause, and mgt
Fear, confusion, pain
New infection
Medication toxicity
Music therapy
Massage therapy
Pet therapy
Depression
Psychotherapy
Antidepressants
Sleep
Environmental restructuring
addressing polypharmacy
Pharmacotherapy
Behavioural therapy
Melatonin
Light therapy
Misperception/misunderstanding
Vision problem
Hearing problem
Assess risks and harms
Restructure environment
Occupational therapy
Caregiver strategies
Distraction
Redirection
Structured routines
Calm/reassuring responses
Manage own health
Education
Support groups
Mood stablizing drugs
Antiseizure medications
Uncertain benefit
Early tx plan/Advanced care planning
Wandering
Report missing person
Supervised exercise
Risk reduction
Diet
Exercise
Smoking/alcohol
Complications
Loss of some motor skills
Bed-ridden
Long-term memory loss
Loss of language ability
Short-term memory loss
Disorientation
Getting lost in the community
Death
Often due to infection
Support
Alzheimer's Association (Voluntary health organization)
https://www.alz.org/au/dementia-alzheimers-australia.asp
Research
Funding critical research
Support
education & resources
Raise awareness
Advocate in partnership
Dementia Australia
https://www.dementia.org.au/
Dementia Help line
Counselling
Families and carer support
Services Australia
Links to support services for Australians living/dealing with dementia
Respite care
Treatments
Non-pharmacological
Medication
Cholinesterase inhibitors
Increase cholinergic transmission
Increased communication btw neurons
Small improvement
Neuropsychiatric Sx's
ADL's
Cognition
Modest symptomatic benefit
Number-Needed to Treat
12:1
Non-neuroprotective
Does not alter disease trajectory
Types
Galantamine
Rivastigmine
Donepezil
NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate) Receptor Antagonist
Memantine
Blocks excessive NMDA stimulation
Excessive NMDA stimulation = induced ischemia = excitotoxicity
May be neuroprotective
Small effect sizes
No clear
Clinical significance
Improvement in QUALY's
Global assessment of dementia
ADUCANUMAB
Recombinant monoclonal antibody
Against amyloid beta
Uncertain clinical benefit
Antioxidants
Selegiline
Vitamin E
Modest benefit delaying functional progression
Mixed results