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Gerras' Critical Thinking - Coggle Diagram
Gerras' Critical Thinking
Obstacles
Lack common definition
Multiple schools of thought
Education
Philosophy
Psychology
Narrow point of view
Heuristics --> cognitive bias
Army "can do" culture
Army hierarchy
US Military Egocentrism
Improve judgement
Purposeful
Reasoned
Goal-directed
Supportive
Healthy Environment
Multi-D education
Context-dependent applictaion
Good and bad info from subordinates
MDMP (when done well)
Military diversity (Eh... kind of)
Start at TRADOC!
Gerras Model (Paul & Elder derivative)
Clarify the Concern
Complexities
Root causes
Frame
Point of View
Empathy
(EI competency)
Fairness
Self-awareness
Egocentrism
Egocentric Myopia
Egocentric Memory
Egocentric rightiousness
Egocentric Blindness
Ethnocentrism
Assumptions
Take for granted
Boundaries
Inferences
Intellectual Leap (more active than assumption)
Evaluation of Information
Biases
Confirmation Trap
Fundamental attribution error
Self-serving error
Logical fallacies
Bad arguments can be psychologically compelling
Arguments against the person
False dichotomy
Appeal to unqualified authority
False cause
Appeal to fear
Appeal to mases
Slippery slope
Weak analogy
Red herring
Heuristics
Availability heuristic
Recall of recent events
Representativeness heuristic
Sample size bias (generalize)
Regression to the mean
Anchoring and adjustment heuristic
Insufficient anchor adjustment
Overconfidence
Implications
Consequences
What if assumptions are incorrect?
What haven't I considered?
What if defined items are wrong?