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characteristics of authoritarian regimes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Hitler believed in self-sufficiency or
        autarky. He knew that in a war, he
        could not depend on other countries
        for resources.
         Hence Hitler built close relationships
        with German businessmen, also
        known as industrialists, as he knew
        they could produce important
        products such as oil, steel, rubber
        and armaments.
         Companies were given valuable
        government contracts. In return, they
        needed to support the government,
        such as donating generously to the
        Nazi Party.
    - - Hitler banned trade unions that
        fought for more pay and better
        working conditions for workers.
         To replace the unions, he formed the
        German Work Front or DAF, which
        was controlled by the Nazis.
         The DAF aimed ‘to protect workers’
        rights’ but it was biased towards
        employers – Bosses paid little to the
        workers.
         But the DAF gave out cheap cars
        and holidays to motivate the workers
        to work harder, as part of the
        “Strength Through Joy” scheme.
  - - - Hitler controlled the newspapers,
        radio and movies to spread
        propaganda to win support for Hitler
        and the Nazi Party.
      - The Nazi Party promised Germans
        that they would achieve national
        unity and glory, which the Germans
        wanted after the shame of the Treaty
        of Versailles.
      - The newspapers or radio stations
        that refused to spread Nazi
        propaganda would be forced to
        close down. Listening to foreign
        radio stations were banned.
      - he Nazi Party also burnt books that
        had ideas against the Nazis.
    - - Hitler and the Nazis wanted no
        opposition to challenge their rule.
        Any opponents would be violently
        punished by the following groups:
        o SS (Defence Corps): Formed by
        elite ‘pure Aryans.’ They were
        Hitler’s personal bodyguards
        after the SA was destroyed. They
        were also in charge of the
        concentration camps.
        o Gestapo (Secret Police): Brought
        about fear among Germans.
        They could arrest anyone without
        reason.
      - The SS and Gestapo bullied anyone
        who was against Hitler and Nazi
        policies.
  - - -  1933 March: Enabling Act
        o Hitler introduced the Enabling Act
        in the Reichstag, as he wanted to
        pass laws without the approval of
        the Reichstag and the President.
        o On the day of the voting, he got
        the SA to surround the Reichstag
        to stop his political opponents
        from going in.
        o The bill was therefore passed
        with only the Nazi Party present
        in the Reichstag to vote.
        o 4 months later, Hitler banned all
        political parties, except the Nazi
        Party. This was also known as
        the One Party Rule.
      - 1933 February: Reichstag Fire
        o Hitler wanted to get rid of the
        communists as they were the
        Nazi Party’s main rival in the
        Reichstag. He accused the
        communists of starting a fire in
        the Reichstag building.
        o Hitler convinced President
        Hindenburg to use Article 48 in
        the constitution by arguing that
        the Reichstag Fire was a national
        emergency.
         This law allows the President
        to dissolve the Reichstag for
        up to six months. The
        President could make all the
        laws that he liked.
        o As Chancellor, Hitler made use of
        these emergency powers to stop
        people from speaking freely or
        assemble in public.
        o The communists were arrested
        and were no longer a threat to
        the Nazi Party.
        o The Germans also did not dare
        to speak up against the Nazis
        because the Nazis threatened
        to arrest them for breaking the
        laws.
- - - - Housing, education, health services
        and many other areas in life (such
        as where one should go on a
        holiday) were decided by the
        government.
    - - The USSR was a combination of
        different countries (Republics).
         Minority nationalities refer to non-
        Russian people in the USSR.
  - - - Stalin used propaganda to influence
        public opinion.
         Propaganda could be posters,
        songs, articles from the government.
         Stalin portrayed himself as the
        rightful successor to Lenin.
         He made himself as a father-like
        figure, interacting with the people.
         All of the USSR’s successes were
        credited to him.
         Stalin was shown to be humble.
         But Stalin’s rivals were airbrushed
        out of earlier pictures to remove
        them from history.
         Criticism of Stalin was censored.
    - - It lasted from 1934 to 1938.
         Stalin aimed to remove his potential
        and suspected enemies, such as:
        o Stalin’s political rivals
        o Red Army officers, close to
        Trotsky
        o Intellectuals and skilled workers,
        who resisted Stalin’s ideas
        o Kulaks
         Stalin achieved this through:
        o Purges and Show trials: Public
        trials where the judges had
        decided the offender was guilty.
        o Secret police: They questioned
        and arrested people who voiced
        their opposition to Stalin.
  - - - Collective farms are formed when
        many small farms owned by
        individual peasants were merged
        into a single large farm owned by
        the government.
         Peasants must share the tools to
        farm and share what was produced.
         Part of their crops must be sold to
        the government at low prices.
         In return, the government provided
        the peasants with machines to help
        in farming, such as tractors.
         The government controlled
        everything, such as high targets for
        crops produced, and long hours of
        each peasant.
         Those who disobey would be given
        harsh punishments.
    - - Create factories and jobs in the
        cities.
         The government wanted to focus on
        heavy industries, which are
        industries that dealt with coal, oil,
        iron and steel.
         The government controlled
        everything. It set high targets for
        resources produced, and ordered
        workers to work for long hours.