Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
15a Children w Common Cardiovascular conditions - Coggle Diagram
15a Children w Common Cardiovascular conditions
(CHD) Congenital Heart Defects
causes: genetic, maternal factors (drug intake/ rubella illness风疹病), environmental factors
diagnostic evaluation
prenatal via U/S
after birth-> physical assessment (vital signs-bradycardia, tachycardia, tachypnea, assess pulsation脉动, auscultation: murmur, palpation: thrill/ vibration over chest)
CT Angiocardiography (CT scan with contrast)
observe communications in the heart
trace the blood through the heart & great vessels
(ECG) Electrocardiography
detects the variation in heart action
show the conduction of the heart muscle
Echocardiography (2D echo)
localizes the murmurs
determines the structure of the heart
Chest x-ray
shows the abnormalities in the shape & position of the heart
Cardiac catheterization
(invasive catheter via femoral vein)
reveals blood pressure within the heart
detect abnormalities
determine oxygen contents
can be intervention (ASD & VSD closure)
def: a heart condition present at birth
(ASD) Atrial Septal Defect
Clinical manifestations
Asymptomatic无症状
Systolic murmur with a fixed split S2 heart sound
May be diastolic murmur
Complications
if goes
undiagnosed
, may develop HEART FAILURE (HF) in the 3rd/4th decade of life
risk for: atrial dysrhythmias心房心律失常, pulmonary vascular obstructive disease肺血管阻塞性疾病, emboli formation
def:
abnormal opening between the right and left
atrium
,
forced the oxygenated blood from the left atrium back to the right atrium,
heart murmur presents
Treatment
Non-surgical
closure with cardiac catheterization
need anticoagulant post procedure
Surgical
surgical patch closure (for moderate to large defects) - pericardial patch/ Dacron patch
open repair with cardiopulmonary bypass is usually perform before school age
low-dose Aspirin for 6 months after repair
cardiology follow-up
prognosis is excellent
(VSD) Ventricular Septal Defect
Clinical manifestations
loud harsh systolic murmur, tachypnea, poor feeding, poor weight gain, tachycardia, hepatomegaly肝肿大
Complications
pulmonary vascular obstructive disease, heart failure
def: abnormal opening between the left & right
ventricles
,
close spontaneously within 1st year of life for small & moderate defects
increased pressure within the left ventricles forces blood back into the right ventricle (L to R shunt)
*most common congenital heart disease
Treatment: needs for surgery depends on size & site of septal defect
Surgical
Complete repair (suture procedures- small defects; knitted Dacron patch- large defects)
Non-surgical
closure with cardiac catheterization