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CAUSES & MORPHOLOGY PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM (PE) - Coggle Diagram
CAUSES & MORPHOLOGY PULMONARY THROMBOEMBOLISM (PE)
Inherited risk factors
Antithrombin III deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency
Protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden mutation)
Hyperchromocystinemia (the condition where there is greater than 15 micromol/L of homocysteine in the blood)
abnormal fibrinogen
abnormal fibrinolytic system
Acquired risk factors
surgery/ trauma pelvis/ lower extremities
prolonged immobilization
local tissue trauma and vessel destruction
pregnancy
cancer
estrogen therapy
obesity
MORPHOLOGY
Pulmonary infarction-
red infarcts
Pulmonary haemorrhages
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Signs:
tachypnea > 20/min
tachycardia > 100/min
crackles
signs of DVT
temp > 38 degreecel
right gallop rhythm
Symptoms:
dyspnea
pleuritic chest pain
pain/ oedema in lower limbs
haemoptysis
palpitations
anginal chest pain
syncope/ presyncope (fainting)
INVESTIGATIONS
