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Travelers diarrhea, Steffen, R., Hill, D. R., & DuPont, H. L. (2015).…
Travelers diarrhea
Etiology
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Salmonella species,Campylobacter jejuni,Shigella species, Aeromonas species, Plesiomonas shigelloides, enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, and Vibrio species
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Risk groups
Environmental factors
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Travel style, particularly the available budget, that often determines where a traveler purchases meals
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Host factors
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with infants and toddlers often having more severe disease and a greater propensity to require hospitalization
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patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a higher incidence of traveler’s diarrhea and longer duration of diarrhea and abdominal pain relative to controls.
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Prevention
Preventive Medication
the use of synbiotics, prebiotics,and probiotics tominimize the risk of development of traveler’s diarrhea are not recommended for this purpose
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Rifaximin is approved in more than 30 countries, for significantly reduced the incidence of noninvasive traveler’s diarrhea.
Systemic antibiotics taken prophylactically can reduce the
incidence of traveler’s diarrhea by more than 90%
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Dietary precautions
Only a minority of travelers strictly adhere to all restrictive recommendations; despite advice, many will select salads from buffets or accept ice cubes in their drinks
Affect individuals originating in high-income countries and traveling to lower- and
middle-income countries.
It is characterized by
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least 1 additional symptom,
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Treatment
Avoid dehydration;mitigate the symptoms of diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and nausea; and prevent any interruption to travel plans.
symptoms are mild (1-3 loose stools per 24 hours with or without mild enteric symptoms and activities not affected)
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Antibiotics shorten the overall duration of moderate to severe traveler’s diarrhea to about a day and a half
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A combination of loperamide and an antibiotic can be taken
when prompt reversal of symptoms is necessary.
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Steffen, R., Hill, D. R., & DuPont, H. L. (2015). Traveler’s diarrhea: a clinical review. Jama, 313(1), 71-80.
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