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DEEP FOUNDATION (PILING) (DQS 252) - Coggle Diagram
DEEP FOUNDATION
(PILING) (DQS 252)
REPLACEMENT PILE
INTRO
excavate soil and replace with steel reinf. and pour concrete using tremmie pipe
DISPLACEMENT PILE (DRIVEN PILE)
pile will displace the soil
fixed by
drop hammer
(ketuk)
suitable for open site
it produce vibration and noise.
piling process
Hammers process
cutting pf head of pile
Lifting
construct of pile cap
Excavation -
Adv & Dis
Advantages
High quality-( kilang akan check before hantar & after hantar org site akan check, if retak boleh ganti baru)
Not liable to squeezing and necking.
(squeezing happen if wet concrete)
Not effected by ground water.
Can be driven under water.
Immediately used after driving
Not effected by chemical action of ground soil (because of the used of steel tube).
Mass production (more economic than replacement pile).
reduce time
Disadvantages
May break during driving.
Noise and vibration may be unacceptable.
Cannot be driven in condition of low headroom.
Very heavy (difficult to handle and transport).
Length of pile depends on the mode of transportation.
Wastage – the pile that been cut cannot be used again.
Need special design (for shoe and head).
Restriction by local authority especially in city center or congested area.
Underground services can cause crack of water pipe or disruption of electricity or internet cable due to piling activities.
PRECAST CONCRETE PILE
suitable for all ranges of building
liable to damage in hard driving condition
durable for most soil
adaptable of wide range of types, shapes, sizes
can be precast / in-situ
SPUN PILE
high strenght concrete
easy connect by welding
hollow section (tgh kosong) to reduce weight
susah utk grid dgn tanah sebab smooth surface
circular piles
noise & vibration
STEEL PILE (STEEL H PILE)
simple installation & equipment use
easy to handle
noise & vibration
easy connect by welding
utk kawasan berbatu-batu
STEEL PILE (SHEET PILE)
suitable for basement
METHOD
- pressed ke dlm tanah sampai 1/3
usually use as retaining wall
mesti interlock joint (air terhalang)
temporary work utk tahan tanah
STEEL PILE ( STEEL TUBE PILE)
usually driven with Internal Drop Hammer
hollow section type
used in small to medium size for main structures and fdn. in soft soil
use Welded Flat Plat shoe
TIMBER PILE
Intro
beam and column concepts
-transfer load to a loadbearing strata -pile foundation is the column that construct or insert into ground.
over 3 meter depth
FOUNDATION
- transmit load and direct contact with the ground.
to support shallow foundation and load of the building
need of pile fdn
ground of low bearing capacity
harder stratum
heavy load
located at river/sea
high water table
clay soil- easy to shrink and swell that clay soil absorb and hold water.
factors select deep fdn
nature bearing capacity
Non-cohesive pile
- suitable for
driven piles / bored piles
with
temporary casing
Rock
- suitable for
driven cast in place / driven piels
Cohesive soil
- suitable for
bored cast in place / driven piles
layout of the structure
llight loading
- 1 storey
medium loading
heavy loading
materials use (durability)
Concrete pile
- chemical atttack in slat and acid ground
steel pile
- corrosion
timber pile
- decay
conditiion of site
whether near urban area
issues of local authority use heavy trailers
surface water
slope and steepness
PILE CLASSIFICATION
HOW TRANSMIT LOAD
Friction pile
it floating, support by skin friction
End-bearing pile
support on firm base
EFFECT ON SOIL
Displacement piel
Replacemnet pile
METHOD
driven and cast in place
driven pile
cast in place
MATERIAL
Timber
Concrete
Steel
T
TYPES OF SPLICING (PILE EXTENSIONS)
Sleeve
Connector ring
Welded
Mechanical
Pinned
Dowel
Wedge
