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Social & Behavioral Socialization Outcomes - Coggle Diagram
Social & Behavioral Socialization Outcomes
Antisocial Behavior
Aggression
Instrumental
Goal is to obtain an object, privilege or space.
Hostile
Goal is to harm another person
Violence
Crime
Prosocial Behavior
Altruism
Voluntary actions, intended to help/benefit others
Sharing
Cooperation
Biological theories that explain causes of aggression:
Evolution
Genetics
Neuroscience
Social/Cognitive Theories for aggressive behavior:
Learning Theory
Actions are contingent on consequences. Behavior that's reinforced (rewarded) is repeated. Behavior not reinforced (ignored/punished) will cease or be suppressed.
Information Processing Theory
The way individuals attend to, perceive, interpret, remembers or acts on situations or events. Impulsivity & frustration are studied.
Sociocultural Theories. Factors that contribute to aggression:
Peers
Community
Ecological Theories
Complex variables operating in aggressive behavior involve the:
Child
Family
School
Peer Group
Media
Community
Things that can be done to inhibit aggressiveness in young children:
Organize environment to minimize conflicts
Set standards, stick to them, provide consequences for noncompliance
Stop aggression immediately
Give children alternative ways of solving problems
Anticipate possible situations in which aggressive behavior may occur.
Provide opportunities for cooperative activities
Foster helpfulness & cooperation
Be a positive role model
Discuss rules & the reasons for them
Reward prosocial behavior
Socialization mediators which contribute to antisocial behavior development:
Harsh parental discipline
Lack of maternal warmth
Exposure to aggressive adult models
Maternal aggressive values
Family life stressors
Mother's lack of social support
Peer group instability
Lack of cognitive stimulation
How Prosocial behavior can be fostered in young children:
Be an example
Preach prosocial behavior
Be warm & accepting
Set firm standards of behavior
Provide role-playing opportunities
Discuss how one's actions may affect another's feelings
Provide activities that require cooperation (group projects)
Suggest specific ways in which children can be cooperative & helpful
Provide meaningful responsibilities
Praise prosocial behavior
Stages of Moral Development:
Level 1: Preconventional
Stage 1: Heteronomous morality
Stage 2: Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exvhange
Level 2 Conventional
Stage 3 Mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, interpersonal conformity
Stage 4: Social system & conscience
Level 3: Postconventional
Stage 5: Social contract or utility & individual rights
Stage 6: Universal ethical principles
DIT
Personal-interest schema (corresponds to stages 2 & 3)
Maintaining norms schema (corresponds to stage 4)
Postconventional schema (corresponds to stage 6)
Situations which influence moral behavior:
Judgement of the situation
Age of the child
Cultural orientation
Individual characteristics which influence moral development:
Temperament
Self-control
Self-esteem
Intelligence & education
Theories of gender-role development:
Psychoanalytic Theory
Social Cognitive Theory
Cognitive Developmental Theory
Gender Schema Theory
Microsystems which influence gender-role development:
Family
Peers
School
Community
Mass Media
Screen media
Print media
Audio Media
Interactive & multimedia