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Genetics - Coggle Diagram
Genetics
Chromosomes
23 chromosomes in humans
in pairs of 2
1 from egg, 1 from sperm
contain pairs of 2 alleles
Have a dominant and recessive allele for various traits
Having even 1 dominant trait means that person will have that trait wheres 2 recessive alleles are needed for that trait
inside of the nucleus
Gametes
only cells to contain 1 set of chromosomes
a gamete could contain any one of the 2 alleles
DNA
repeating segments organised into a double helix
2 phosphates, 2 sugars and one of 2 pairs of bases
a and t, G and C
adenine
thymine
2 hydrogen bonds
Guanine
3 hydrogen bonds
Cytosine
"unzips" and is copied to a carrier
carrier is sent to a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Ribosome checks the bases in pairs of 3 and creates amino acids based on the bases
amino acids chain together in a certain shape to make a protein
contained in the chromosomes
Embryo
ball of cells that develops after the fusion of two gametes (fertilisation)
Embryo screening
the alleles are checked to see if the baby will have any genetic diseases
probabilities of the genetic disease or other traits occuring can be discovered using a punnet square
100% chance for drown eyes due to all of them having a dominant allele
