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Reproduction & Breeding - Coggle Diagram
Reproduction & Breeding
Female reproductive organs & functions
Ovary
- produces ova and hormones
Oviduct
- transport of ovum
Uterus
- implantation and pregnancy
Cervix
- protects from external disturbance
Vagina
- organ of copulation
Vulva
- external opening to reproduction organs
types of uterus
Duplex uteri
completely separate uterine horns each with their own cervical canal.
2 cervices and 1 vagina
Bipartite uteri
2 smaller uterine horns with relatively small uterine body with a single cervix
Bicornuate Uteri
upper part of the uterus remain separated, but the lower parts are fused into a single structure
Simplex uteri
complete fusion of the paramesonephic ducts forming a single uterine body with no uterine horns
Reproductive processes
produce ova (
Oogenesis
)
release ova (
Ovulation
)
produce hormone (
steroidogenesis
)
fertilization (
union of sperm & ova
)
implantation (
attachment of embryo to uterine wall
)
pregnancy (
fetal growth and development
)
parturition (
giving birth
)
Estrus vs menstrual cycle
Estrus
cycle depicts ovarian activity
Proestrus
is "period of follicular growth"
Estrus
is "period of sexual receptivity"
Metestrus
is "a period of corpus luteum formation"
Diestrus
is "a period when corpus luteum is fully functional"
Development of follicular growth
Male reproductive organs & functions
Testis
- produces sperm (spermatogenesis) and sex hormones (steroidogenesis)
Accessory organs
- produces fluids which carries the sperm to the penis
Ducts
- store & carry sperm & seminal fluids to penis
Penis
- deposit sperm into vagina
Development of testes
Testis structure
90% of the volume of testis is made up of hundred of meters of
seminiferous tubules
10% is made up connective tissue, blood vessels and
Leydig cells
(secretes hormone)
Function of testis
Spermatogenesis
Occurs in the
seminiferous tubules
Basement membrane of this tubule contain spermatogonia (sperm mother cells)
divides into primary (
46n
) and secondary (
23n
) spermatocytes, then differentiates to
spermatids
and finally
spermatozoa
once the spermatozoa are formed, they exist
free
in the lumen
seminiferous tubules also secretes large quantities of
testicular fluid
into the lumen (important in the transport of sperm out of the testis
Sertoli cells
whose function is to
support and sustain
the spermatogonia as they move from the basement membrane to the lumen of the tubule.
Steriodogenesis
Leydig cells
produces testosterone under the stimulation by LH
high concentration of testosterone may be important for
maintaining the function of the epiydimis
and inhibits LH release from anterior pituitary gland by -ve feedback mechanism.
Hormonal control
Testosterone
abuse of
anabolic steroid
is associated with oligospermia (few spermatozoa in semen), and hance male infertility
development and maintenance of libido and general body features associated with male
induction of spermatogenesis during puberty requires both
FSH
and
LH
action of
LH is indirect
through Leydig cells which stimulates
testosterone
which in turn stimulate the
Sertoli cells
action of
FSH is direct
since receptors for it are found in both sertoli cells and spermatogonia
the differences between male and female germ cell production
normal replenishing of male germ cell in contrast to a continuing decrease in oocyte production throughout the reproductive life of female
mitosis continue to greatly increase the number of spermatozoa in male while mitosis ceases in female after birth.