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Altered physiology of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE), SLE, Altered…
Altered physiology of systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)
Autoimmune disease
innate and humoral immune responses
genetic factors, hormonal factor, environmental factors
inflammation in connective tissues, cartilage, blood vessel linings
autoantibodies
binding of antigen, accumulation of immune complexes
damges organs and systems
Genetic factors
targeting and regulation
contribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II gene polymorphisms
Sex hormones
women
flaring occurs during hormonal changes
pregancy, ovulation stimulation fertilization, oestrogen
estrogen activates T cells
Inflammation in the organ systems
Fatigue
exhaustion caused by excessive inflammation, raising anemia levels causing fatigue
due to active medications, lifestyle, and disorder like fibromyalgia
Skin rashes
"butterfly rash" over cheeks and nose from exposure to sunshine and UV
acute cutaneous lupus erythema, inflammation of the skin
organ damage
Heart
endocarditis and myocarditis
vegetation grows on the hearts valves causing heart failure
Kidneys
lupus nephritis
inflammation in the kidney glomeruli
renal infiltration by T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells
CNS
inflammation in the brain causing brain dysfunction
abnormal endothelial WBC interactions allowing cells access to the CNS
Drugs
corticosteroids and immunosuppressants
control of symptoms and anti-inflammatory effects
lower immune system activity
skin: corticosteroid applied to the rash reducing itch and inflammation. Avoid sunlight
CNS: mycophenolate
Kidneys: cyclophosphamide, azathioprine to improve renal outcome
SLE
Altered physiology in function
Manifestations
Altered physiology of SLE in the organ systems
Treatment
no cure