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MEMORY- By:Delfina Parodi Doyle and Lucia Salgado Imbert, Memory consisted…
MEMORY
- By:Delfina Parodi Doyle and Lucia Salgado Imbert
STAGES OF MEMORY
Storage
: it is about where the information is stored, the duration of the memory, how much of it can be stored at any time and what type of information is stored
Retrieval
: refers to getting information out of storage.
If we can't remember something, it may be because we are unable to retrieve it.
Encoding:
transforming information into something our brain can deal with so it can be stored.
Information can be encoded into three ways: visually(picture), acoustic(sound) and semantic(meaning)
MULTI-STORE MODEL
Short term memory
: allows a person to recall a limited string of information for a short period.
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Duration: 0-18 seconds
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Capacity:7 items(plus or minus 2)
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Encoding:encodes more in an acoustic way
Long term memory
:stores a wide range of memories and experiences.
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Duration: unlimited
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Capacity: unlimited
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Encoding: mainly in a semantic way
TYPES OF LONG TERM MEMORY
-Semantic memory:
responsible for storing information about the world.
It involves concious and its declarative
(e.g: knowing that in Argentina we speek spanish)
DECLARATIVE
-involves “knowing that”
-Information is brought to mind by consciousness
-Episodic memory:
responsible for storing information about events that we have experienced in our lives.
It involves conscious and its declarative.
(e.g:remembering your mom´s birthday)
-Procedural
: centers on how to do things, is involved with procedures.
It is unconscious, automatic and non- declarative.
(e.g:walking, writing)
NON-DECLARATIVE(procedural is a type of it)
-involves “knowing how” to do things
-It does not involve conscious
Sensory memory
: the information you get from your sense, your eyes and ears.
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Duration: ¼ to ½ second
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Capacity:all sensory experiences
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Encoding: mostly acoustic
TED TALKS
Why eye-witnesses get it wrong-Scott Fraser
-Eye-witness identifications are fallible
-Crime: A murder occured in January, 1991 in Los Angeles, California. Investigators selected their suspect: Francisco Carillo.
The teenagers that witnessed the murderer saw his picture and they were sure it was him. Scott Fraser investigated this crime and realised it was impossible for the witnesses to identify the murderer's face; when the event had happend it was a dark night even the moon wasn´t there, the only light they had was the street light. Scott presented his investigation in the court, and he was right. Francisco Carrillo was later liberated.
-We only detect, encode and store in our brains a little part of the entire experience in front of us. So when we have to recall that information, we have an incomplete store. As a consequence, the brain fills in information that was not there. →This are called reconstructed memories
-"All of our memories are reconstructed memories. They are a product of what we originally experienced and everything happened afterwards”
-Conclusion: we should all beware that the accuracy of our memories is not measured by how vivid they are or how certain you are that they are correct.
How “working memory”makes sense of the world -Peter Doolittle
•Working memory: Working memory is a part of consciousness that at any time of the day we are aware.
•4 basic components:
-Store different immediate experiences
Stores some knowledge
Reach’s into our long- term memory
•Main issue: The main issue is that the working memory has a limited duration in its capacity and focus.
Almost everytime we remember approximately 4 things out of 10/20 seconds unless we process it or do something.
•Solution steps:
-Process everything that happens at that time.
-Repeat it.
-Think/elaborate/illustrativily.
-Think in images.
-Organize/support.
•Conclusion: While processing we always learn, so if we don’t process, basically you aren’t living your life.
Memory consisted in three stores