global distribution
what is global distribution and marketing of tobacco and alcohol
increase in technology and increased globalisation have led to a reduction in trade barriers, increased communication (marketing) and transport of goods and services around the globe, including tobacco and alcohol.
high income countries
overconsumption og energy dense, processed foods have contributed to increased rates of overweight, obesity and related condition: hypertension, CVD and type 2 diabetes
have effective healthcare systems to help prevent deaths from diet related NCD linked to consumption of processed foods
increased accesss to health promotion messages and education enables individuals to male more informed healthy food choices
In Australia, interventions by governments and non-government organisations, including advertising and packaging laws, increased taxation on cigarettes, and laws restricting smoking in public places, have led to a decrease in smoking rates.
low income countries: tobacco
marketing has increased in low- and middle-income countries in an attempt to increase global sales.
80 per cent of the world’s tobacco-related deaths will be in low- and middle-income countries by 2030.
traditionally smoking has been seen as a male activity: increasing rates of women smoking in low- and middle-income countries is also a concerning trend.
Children have also been influenced by advertising campaigns in low- and middle-income countries, and rates of children who smoke have increased.
lack of education and health promotion interventions, are leading to an increase rate of smokers
As financial resources are often scarce, money that is spent on tobacco may leave less money available to spend on food, clothing, education and basic healthcare.
Higher rates of smoking in low- and middle-income countries is contributing to an increased burden of disease, particularly an increase in premature death: cancer, CVD,
low income countries: alcohol
alcohol manufacturers have experienced a decrease in revenue in many high-income countries and are therefore increasingly marketing their products towards people in low- and middle-income countries
Alcohol use is associated with about 3.5 per cent of global deaths
accessibility of healthcare in Australia may reduce the measurable impact of alcohol misuse compared with that in low- and middle-income countries.
Low- and middle-income countries experiencing an increase in alcohol consumption are often those that have no cultural relationship with alcohol consumption and lack the resources to educate the population about alcohol,
suffering the negative effects associated with excessive drinking, such as liver disease, cardiovascular disease and cancer.
individual’s limited income is spent on alcohol, there may be less available to spend on food, clothing, shelter and healthcare.
low income countries: marketing
many people have neglected their traditional diets, which are often low in fat, for westernised foods. These are often high in fat, salt and/or sugar and contribute to a more energy-dense diet
increase in diseases such as obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
Processed foods have been marketed in Australia for many years and have contributed to the high rates of overweight, obesity and related conditions, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, experienced in this country.
The rates of obesity among people of high socioeconomic status in Brazil and India are now comparable with the United States
Under-resourced health systems in many low- and middle-income countries mean that treatment for conditions related to obesity may not be available, further contributing to mortality rates that are already higher than those in high-income countries.