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Ecological Succession - Coggle Diagram
Ecological Succession
SECONDARY SUCCESSION
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plants and animals from the surrounding ecosystem may gradually reinvade the area through several distinctive stages
- Fire / any form on damage or loss (year 0)
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but some soil is still there, some seeds and plants still survived
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sufficient soil already present, therefore can sustain these plants
- Intermediate Species (5-150 years) grasses, shrubs, pines, young oak and hickory
- Climax Community (150+ years)
- mature oak and hickory forest
KEY TERMS:
Ecological Succession
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starts with bare land/rock to climax community, taking place over a long period of time
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Sere
= a full succession from bare rock to forest
each community in the succession = seral stage/community
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Pioneer Community
= the community of autotrophs like algae and lichens that start proliferating (multiplying/increasing in number) in an area
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invade the area to a certain extent, until other organisms can live there
Climax Community
= the biotic community that had reached dynamic balance between all of the species and the physical environment
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all organisms and community structures within that area is balanced, constant/consistent for a long period of time
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PRIMARY SUCCESION
Pioneer Stages
invasion of cynobacteria, algae, photoautotrophs
(don't depend on other species)
no soil, therefore they thrive first
convert energy into organic matter, and as organic matter increases, attract more lichens as environment is less hostile
when they die, their remains turn into organic matter that becomes soil
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- Small annual plants, lichens
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increased organic matter, biomass in soil
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annual species
- fast accumulation of organic matter
- grow, flower, produce seeds/fruits before dying off all in 1 season
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no soil, therefore cannot store/sustain H2O
- Grasses, shrubs, shade-intolerant trees (intermediate stages)
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- Shade-tolerant trees (Climax Community)
highest amount of soil when succession reaches the dynamic balance of biotic and abiotic factors in a CLIMAX COMMUNITY
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shade tolerant trees = effectively capture a small amount of light, meaning that it flourishes on the ground
= an area that has not been occupied previously, the process of initial invasion and then progression from one biotic community to the next
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