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M7IQ4- Prevention,
Treatment, Control 1 - Coggle Diagram
M7IQ4- Prevention,
Treatment, Control 1
-
Preventing
the Spread
Hygiene
- each person keeping their bodies clean, reducing the risk of pathogens entering the body.
- inhibits the build-up of microorganisms on our bodies.
- wash hands with soap and water before prepping food and after toilet use.
- city planning to avoid overcrowding
- sterilising and disinfecting equipment between use
- food guidelines
Quarantine
- isolation of diseased organisms to minimise the risk of diseases and pests entering australia to protect native plants and animals, agriculture, our environment and our health.
- border control: checking passengers and cargo
- animal and plant quarantine: examining plants and animals
- human quarantine: isolating and treating any person with symptoms of disease
Vaccination
- the introduction of a vaccination into the body to cause immunisation via the third line of defence.
- vaccination programs aim to decrease the incidence of many diseases with the purpose of ultimately eradicating them.
Public Health Campaigns
- gov and public health authorities and non-gov organisations organise and distribute public health campaigns to promote the adoption of healthy behaviours.
- public health campaigns can help inform people of the cause of disease, how it is transmitted, and the reasons for the measures employed to control the spread.
Use of Pesticides
- chemicals that destroy organisms considered to be pests and prevent the spread of infectious plant and animal diseases.
- most pests are insects, but others include ticks, mites, worms, slugs and snails.
- DDT used to be used to kill mosquitos in an effort to control malaria, but there has been an evolved DDT-resistant strain since then.
Genetic Engineering
- producing disease-resistant plants and animals.
- risk of inbreeding
Pharmaceutical
Control
Role of Antibiotics
- target the bacteria without destroying the host. not effective against viruses.
- first antibiotic (penicillin) was discovered in 1928 by alexander fleming.
- some accumulate in the cells of bacteria and prevent them from forming a new cell wall when dividing.
- some destroy the bacteria's cell membrane.
- some interfere with protein synthesis so the bacteria cells die
Antibiotic Resistance
- antibiotics have become less effective over time due to the development of drug resistance in pathogens.
- caused by overuse of antibiotics for the treatment of many diseases
- household products containing antibiotics; do not kill all bacteria, causing the survivors to reproduce without competition.
- use of antibiotics in farm animals.
Antibiotic Resistance Problems
- number of infectious bacteria resistant to almost all known antibiotics.
- vancomycin is used when all other treatments have failed, but vancomycin-resistant enterococci and vancomycin-resistant staphylococcus aureus are superbugs, which can resist all treatment.
- superbugs are usually acquired in hospitals and very hard to eradicate.
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