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Human Memory 1 - Coggle Diagram
Human Memory 1
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
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concerned with internal mental processes such as those of perceiving, thinking, talking and attention
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look at how C (cognition / thoughts) affect the A (affection / feelings) and B (behaviour / actions)
THE MULTI-STORE MEMORY MODEL (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968)
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- STM & LTM are 2 different stores with different capacities and duration
- information needs rehearsal
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SHORT TERM MEMORY
Capacity
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Jacobs (1887) asked participants to recall random letter and digit strings, Miller (1956) asked participants to make sense of words
Duration
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there's a steady decline in STM recall after longer retention intervals (Peterson & Peterson, 1959)
Encoding
poorer @ remembering words that sound similar (can, cap, cab) than different (pit, few, cow)
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LONG TERM MEMORY
Capacity
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over a period of constant rehearsal, stuff from STM moves to LTM
Standing et el. (1970) showed participants 2560 pictures over several days in test of LTM, they remembered 90% on average
Duration
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infinite, no limitations, as long as there's sufficient rehearsal
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Encoding
poorer at remembering words with similar meaning (great, large, big) than different (good, huge, hat)
Semantically - meaning
when you can find your own value / significance to it, it is easy to store it long term
but LTM can encode visually and acoustically, you know how to spell the words on the basis of LTM
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STM VS. LTM
Sensory memory
Capacity - relatively large, we pick up what our senses are exposed to
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Encoding (usually)
- Modality specific
- depends however it's presented e.g. visual touch smell sound taste
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LTM
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Encoding - semantically, meaning, personal unerstanding
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MEMORY
Disclaimer
these memory models are what researchers proposed according to their studies, don't take it as the ultimate truth as no shoe fits all. Hence there's all these criticisms about different models because people want to think for themselves and assess the models in their own perspective
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