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Pro-Social Behaviour (or lack thereof) - Coggle Diagram
Pro-Social Behaviour (or lack thereof)
positive, intend to help others voluntarily
ALTRUISM
the empathy - altruism hypothesis (Batson, 1987)
empathic concern (genuine care)
personal distress (been there done that, be the person I needed)
Empathic Joy hypothesis (Smith et al. 1989)
satisfaction beyond description
value your urge to help others in need
Sociobiological explanation
Kin selection (blood is thicker than water)
reciprocal altruism (mutual help)
biological vs psychological altruism (helps survival of a species vs. out of concern of others' wellbeing) - both w/o regards to self-interest
THE BYSTANDER EFFECT
Kitty Genovese (1935 - 1964)
arrived home at 3.15 am, parked 30m from flat
Winston Mosley stabbed her twice in back - one witness shouted
Mosley returned - raped then killed her
was a 30 minute attack, 15 witnesses but only 1 phone call to police after final attack
Situational Characteristics
Diffusion of Responsibility (Darley and Latane, 1968)
the larger the crowd, the less responsibility an individual believes they carry
interpreting the Situation
ambiguous situations where you have limited knowledge
perceived relationships - if it's someone you know
Victim Characteristics
a person being beat up really badly - is it worth helping?
Bystander (you) Characteristics
Skills and Expertise
are you in the position to help?
Gender differences
would a female stop a male group fight?
Personality factors
would an introvert get involved with a bunch or strangers?
Perceived Similarity
you were in a similar situation where you needed help but didn't get any, so you're going to be the person you needed
empathy-altruism hypothesis
Latane and Darley's decision model
MEDIA INFLUENCE
Social Learning Theory - observational learning / modelling
Disinhibition effect (normalising)
high levels of media violence promote the idea that such behaviour is common, therefore acceptable
this lowers our normal inhibitions when behaving in such ways
Desensitisation
exposure = less responsive/ concerned = acceptance of more violent behaviours
becomes a norm, don't feel empathetic, apathy
Cognitive Priming
aggressive images give rise to aggressive thoughts and feelings
e.g. effect of villains in shows have on our emotions
Stereotypes
the "enemy", "big bad wolf", dragons, foreigners
to counter stereotypes -> attempt to break-down existing ones
e.g. a successful member of a disadvantaged group, female F1 drivers (representation, see people of "your kind" being represented in media)