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How to design an electrochemical cell that produces an optimal energy…
How to design an electrochemical cell that produces an optimal energy output?
Types of electrochemical cells
Galvanic/Voltaic
Produces electrical energy from chemical energy through spontaneous redox reactions
Electrolyte
Produces chemical energy from an external source of electrical energy that drives a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur.
Types of energy
Chemical
Energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules.
Electrical
Power an atom's charged particles have to cause an action or move an object.
Thermal
Transfer of erngy from objects with higher tempertaure to lower temperatture
What prevents optimal electrical energy output
loss of energy though heat
incomplete conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy
electrical energy that is produced is consumed before being recorded
What is an electrochemical cell
:
Uses of electronchemical cells
Corrosion protection
Production of high-purity lead, zinc, aluminum, and copper (electrolytic cells)
Commercial batteries (galvanic)
Generates electrical energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it, or uses the electrical energy supplied to it to facilitate chemical reactions
Factors that affect the output of an electrochemical cell
The effect of changing the half-cells by chosing different metal combinations
Temperature
Half cell concentration
The concentration of solution in the salt bridge
The salt bridge length
Components of a galvanic cell
Cathode
Reduction occurs at this electrode.
Salt bridge
Contains electrolytes which are required to complete the circuit in a galvanic cell.
Anode
Oxidation occurs at this electrode.
External circuit
Conducts the flow of electrons between electrodes
Half-cells
Reduction and oxidation reactions are separated into compartments.
Factors affecting Galvanic Cells
Surface Area
Increasing the surface area, increases the surface area to volume ration, which increases the rate fo reaction. Increases voltage due to grearter number of successful collisions
Reactivtiy of Metals
Metals that are more reactive produce a higher potential difference, as there are more reactions occurring within the solution
A greater potential difference means a higher voltage, which increases the energy output of the galvanic cell
By using the metal activity series, the metals which are more reactive can be determined
Temperature
This increase in kinetic energy leads to a greater number of successful collisions, consequently increasing the rate of reaction.
This means a greater potential difference is produced, the vice versa occurs when the temperature is decreased.
Increasing the temperature of the solution will increase the energy output of the galvanic cell.
This is due to the increase in kinetic energy of the ions within the solution as the temperature increases.
What does optimal mean
best or optimum
Possible aims
Surface Area
independent variable: the surface area of the metal electrodes
dependent variable: voltage
Concentration
independent variable: the concentration of the electrolyte solution
dependent variable: voltage
Temperature
indepedent variable: the tempature of the cell
dependent variable: the voltage
What different electrodes are there
Zinc
Copper
Magnesium
Aluminium
Iron
Nickel
Lead