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Forest Products Processing - Coggle Diagram
Forest Products Processing
Sawmill
classification
headsaw type
circular sawmill
band sawmill
gangsawmill
daily rated capacity (DRC)
small sawmill
10,000 - 20,000
bf / 8 hr shift
medium sawmill
20,000 - 40,000
bf / 8 hr shift
large sawmill
40,000 bf & above
per 8 hr shift
relative deck &
carriage position
right hand sawmill
left hand sawmill
power source
permanent
temporary
centers
log pond
log yield
log deck
headsaw center
resaw center
edging center
trimming center
Lumber Grading
rules
standards for lumber
classify accdng to quality
lumber variation
color, grain, texture
defects, physical &
structural features
standardize size & quality
market
grading rules
US National Hardwood Lumber Association
grades
firsts
seconds
selects
no. 1 common
no. 2 common
sound wormy
no. 3 A common
no. 3 B common
terms
clearface
face w/ no defect
cutting unit
multiply width & length
of clearface lumber
surface measure
aka surface feet
area of lumber in
sq ft.
required cutting units
surface measure multiplied w/
the factor in each grade
cutting unit method
determination of specific grade
pair actual derived cutting units
to require cutting units
Lumber Terms
yard lumber
< 5 in thick
for general building
boards
yard lumber
< 2 in thick
8 in or more width
dimension
yard lumber
2 in and < 5 in thick
and of any width
strips
yard lumber
< 2 in thick
< 8 in wide
timber
sawed materials
5 in or larger
in least dimensions
plank
broad board
1 in thick horizontally
flitch
portion of log
sawn on 2 or more faces
commonly on opposite faces
leaves waney edges
cant
log
slabbed on 1
or more sides
slab
exterior portion of log
removed to get
flat face sawing
Structural Composites/
Wood Composites/
Composite Products
developed to tend to trees w/
fast growth rate
short growth/
harvest rotation
small dia trees
↑ proportions of juvenile wood
↓ strength properties
from combination
veneer
particle board
from same forest resources
solid sawn lumber
smaller dia trees
TYPES
composite panels
particle board covered w/ veneers
composite lumber
aka
com-ply lumber
parallel laminating veneers
edges of strops of 1 - 1/2" inch thick particle board
advantages
uniform quality
straight
disasvantages
high density
nailing limitations
combines natural wood strength properties
w/ modern engineering & production tech
TYPES
finger-jointed lumber
short length board
called
SHOOK
used as raw mat.
glue - laminated (GLULAM) timber
uses finished lumber
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
uses veneer
relatively high grade trees
other composite lumber products
rely on low grade
forest resources
or by products from other
wood production
based on structural panels
plywood
oriented strand board (OSB)
structural panel
from variety of raw mat
vary in size
raw mat
sawn lumber
plywood
small bolts for pulp