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Chemistry of the environment - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry of the environment
Water
chemical tests for the presence of water
anhydrous copper(II) sulfate
white -> blue
anhydrous cobalt(II) chloride
blue -> pink
Impurities are absent in distilled water. Water contaminants might disrupt a scientific experiment, hence distilled water is always preferred to regular water.
Natural water sources could include impurities
some salts
electrolytes
dissolved organic matter
causes diseases and harms aquatic life
sulphate and bicarbonate
allows maintenance of a stable body weight despite a high food intake.
dissolved oxygen
essential for the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms
Domestic water treatment
A prevalent approach to treating water is sedimentation. It is a method for removal of particles in the water that float and settle. Larger particulates are removed from the process using sedimentation tanks.
Taste and odour can be eliminated by adding powdered activated carbon to water or by utilising granular activated carbon (GAC) in the water filter.
By breaking the chemical bonds in pathogens' molecules, such as bacteria and viruses, chlorine can destroy them. Chlorine compounds, which may exchange atoms with other compounds like the enzymes in bacteria and other organisms, make up the disinfectants employed for this purpose.
Air quality and climate
common pollutants in the air
sulfur dioxide
source: burning of fossil fuels containing sulfur
adverse effect: building damage and deforestation due to acid rain
S + O2 -> SO2
oxides of nitrogen
sources: nitrogen and oxygens reaction to high temp in car engines
adverse effect: acid rain and cause respiratory issues
N2 + O2 -> 2NO and 2NO + O2 -> 2NO2
carbon monoxide
source: incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels
adverse effect: binds permanently to rbc's and prevents transport of oxygen
2C + O2 -> 2CO
lead compounds
source: leaded petrol
adverse effect: harms nervous system and the brain
solutions to minimize the blow of ecological concerns
acid rain: 1)use renewable energy sources 2)take public transportation 3)reduce usage of energy (air conditioning)
climate change: 1)use sustainable transport 2)dont extract fossil fuels 3)plastic reduction
how oxides of nitrogen form in car engines? and how does catalytic converter remove it?
fuels burns in vechile
high temperatures
N + O -> NO
exhaust systems release NO
combines with oxygen in the air -> nitrogen dioxide
catalytic convertor: method- utilises reduction
composition of clean, dry air
Nitrogen- 78.08%
Oxygen- 20.95%
Argon- 0.93%
Carbon- 0.03% (this and the above add to 99.998%)
other gases like helium make up the remaining 0.002%