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Muhammad: (the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān,…
Muhammad: (the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurʾān, Islam's sacred scripture)
Gabriel: (an archangel who acts as a middleman between God and humans. A bearer of revelation to the prophets. Gabriel revealed the Qur'an to the Prophet Muhammad)
Ali ibn Abi Talib: (cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. Sh'ia muslims believe that Ali ibn Abi Talib was designated as the successor to him)
Sh'ia: (believe that only Allah can select religious leaders. All successors must be direct descendants of Muhammad's family. Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor and the Imam after him)
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Five Pillars: (The Five Pillars of Islam are fundamental practices in Islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all Muslims.)
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Salat: (the daily ritual of prayer five times throughout the day. The most well-known, and obligatory act in Islam)
Qurʾān: (the sacred scripture of Islam containing prayers, moral guidance, historical narrative, and promises of Paradise)
Sharia: (the religious law of Islam. Sharia law acts as a code for living that all Muslims adhere to - including prayers, fasting and donations to the poor. Sharia helps Muslims understand how they should lead every aspect of their lives in accordance with God).
Theocracy: ("ruling by God" - refers to a type of government in which God(s) are thought to have sovereignty and dominion over the inhabitants, in which several states are officially ruled by Islamic laws. Referred to as an "Islamic republic." Some include Islamic Republics of Iran, and Pakistan - among others)
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Zakat: (obligatory charity given by Muslims - 2.5% of earnings. Believes that it purifies, increases, and blesses the remainder of their wealth)
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Hajj: (pilgrimage to Mecca (which every adult Muslim must make at least once in his or her lifetime)
Mecca: (the holiest of Muslim cities in which Muhammad was born in. The city in which Muslims make Hajj, and face during salat)
Medina: (celebrated as the place from which Muhammad established the Muslim community (ummah) after his flight from Mecca)
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Jihad – lesser and greater: (meaning: exertion or struggle. Sometimes referred to as the Sixth Pillar of Islam. Personal struggle in one's devotion to Islam involving spiritual discipline)
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Abu Bakr: (The most prominent companion, closest advisor, and the father-in-law of Muhammad. The founder and first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. )
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Sunni: (Muslims who believe the redemption of human beings is dependent on their faith in Allah, his prophets, and belief in righteous deeds as explained in the Qurʾān. Sunni Islam maintains that Abu Bakr was the legitimate successor to Muhammad on the basis of election).
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