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Concept 39.5 - Plants respond to attacks by pathogens and herbivores -…
Concept 39.5 - Plants respond to attacks by pathogens and herbivores
Defenses Against Herbivores
Hebivory is a stress in any ecosystem
The mechanical damage caused by herbivores reduces the size of plants, hindering ability to acquire resources
In addition to physical defenses such as thorns and trichomes, plants produce distasteful or toxic chemicals, as well as attractants that recruit animals that destroy herbivores.
Defenses Against Pathogens
A plant's next lines of defense are 2 types of immune responses:
PAMP-Triggered Immunity
The first line of immune defense
Depends on the plant's ability to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), molecular sequences that are specific to certain pathogens
Effector-Triggered Immunity
Stimulates the formation of lignin and the cross-linking of molecules within plant cell wall
Responses hinder the spread of the pathogen to other parts of the plant
The Hypersensitive Response
Is part of a comlex defense
Involves the production of enzymes and chemicals that impair the pathogen's cell wall integrity, metabolism, or reproduction
Seals off an infection and destroys both pathogen and host cells in the region
Systemic Acquired Resistance
The resulting arise from the plant-wide expression of defense genes
Is a generalized defense response in organs distant from the infection site