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Developing through life span - Coggle Diagram
Developing through life span
Prenatal development
Zygote: when sperm unites with egg. 2 week
Embryo: zygote inner cells become embryo. 2-8 weeks
Fetus: body organ begin to form. 9 weeks
Prenatal development is not risk free.
Fetal alcohol consumption FAS: Caused by heavy drinking alcohol.
Teratogen: virus thatcauses harm to the fetus
The newborn
Born with reflex responses such as sucking, crying, swallowing and breathing.
brain development: as the child grows the brain connections are more due to experiences encountered.
Motor skills: movement, develop as the nervous system and muscles mature.
Brain maturation and infant memory: they are capable of learning and remembering. Infantile amnesia may reflect conscious memory.
brain cells are sculpted by heredity and experience
Birth: Neuronal growth spurt
3-6 months: Rapid frontal lobe growth
Early childhood: language and skills
throughout life: learning changes brain tissues.
Piaget: Cognitive thinking
Children's maturing brain build with schemas that are adjusted by assimilation and accommodation and adaptation.
Sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years)
Object permanence: awareness that thing sexist even when not perceived. (Memory of objects)
Experience the world through senses and actions. Ex: looking, touching and mouthing.
Pre-operational stage (2 to 7 years)
Unable to make logical reasoning, represent things with words and images using intuitive.
Pretend play
Egocentrism: exclude themselves.
Theory of mind
Ability to understand that others have their own thoughts.
Concrete operational (7 to 11 years)
Able to think logically about events and perform arithmetic operations.
Conservation: understand quantity of matter.
Mathematical operations.
Formal operational (12 through adulthood)
Able to think abstractly
Understand resoning.
Erikson: Social development
Infant attachment
Stranger anxiety: when children separated from their caregivers.
1) Secure attachment: children approach life with a sense of basic trust.
2) Insecure attachment
Deprivation of attachment: child neglected by their parents.
Parenting styles
2) Permissive: Parents are unrestraining. Make few demands and use little punishments.
3) Negligent: parents are uninvolved.
1) Authoritarian: Parents are coercive. Impose rules and demand obedience.
4) Authoritative: Parents are confrontive. Encourage open discussion and allow exceptions.
Kohlberg: Moral thinking
Conventional morality (early adolescence)
Follow rules to gain social approval
Postconventional morality (adolescence and beyond)
Actions reflect beliefs in basic rights.
Preconventional morality (before age 9)
Self interset, obey rules to avoid punishments
Adulthood
Middle adulthood: physical decline is gradual. Greater decline in ability to recall rather than recognize memory.
Late adulthood: Immune systems and physical movement weakens. Better retention of meaningful informations.
early adulthood: body organs are at their peak in the mid twenties. Peak time for learning and memory.
end of life: Terminal decline
Neurocognitive disorders: cognitive deficits. brain injury or substance abuse, Erosion of cognitive abilities not normal for their age to happen.
Alzheimer's disease: Result decline in memory and other cognitive abilities.
Successful aging
Psychology: optimistic, healthy life style
Social cultural: family and friends support, safe living conditions.
Biology: Role of genes