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Chapter 3 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3
Sleep: periodic natural loss of consciousness.
Biological rhythms: 24 hour biological clock, 90 minute sleep cycle for younger adults.
Circadian rhythm: internal biological clock of 24 cycle of day and night.
Sleep activity
Alpha waves: Slow brain waves of relaxed awake state.
Hallucinations: False sensory experiences.
Delta waves: Large slow brain waves (deep sleep)
NREM: before the deep sleep.
REM: rapid eye movement, sleep stage include bright dreams.
REM rebound: due to sleep deprivation more deep sleep occurs.
Sleep patterns are genetically and culturally influenced
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SNC): Bright light causes proteins that trigger SNC to cause a decreased production of melatonin in the morning and increase in the evening.
Social jet lag: Occurs when the internal biologically clock is disrupted during the weekends.
Sleep deprivation: Loss of concentrations and productivity and memory. Cane lead to depression and increase of weight.
How it affects us?
Brain: decreased ability to focus and store memories.
Heart: high blood pressure
Fat cells: risk of obesity
Stomach: increase in hunger arousing
muscles: Reduced strength
Major sleep disorder
Narcolepsy: Uncontrollable sleep attacks.
Sleep apnea: Stopping of breathing while sleeping.
Insomnia: Problem falling or staying asleep.
Night terrors: being terried.
Sleepwalking and sleeptalking
Sleep aids
Relax before bedtime
Sleep on a regular schedule
Avoid caffeine
Exercise regularly
Consciousness: Aware of self and environment
States of Consciosness
2) Physiologically: Hallucinations, Orgasm, Food or oxygen starvation
3) Psychologically: Sensory deprivation, Hypnosis, Medication
1) Spontaneously: Dreaming, Drowsiness,Daydreaming
Selective attention: Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Inattentional blindness: Failure to see visible objects when attention directed elsewhere.
Dual processing: Explicit is putting effort to focus on something and Implicit happens automatically related to unconscious tracks.
Dreams: A sequence of images emotions and thoughts passing while your asleep.
Why we dream?
To file away memories
To develop neural pathways
To satisfy our wishes
To reflect cognitive development
Manifest Content: Remembered story line of a dream
Latent content: Underlying meaning of a dream.
Dream theories
Physiological function: Brain stimulation form REM sleep help develop neural pathways.
Activation synthesis: REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories.
Information processing: Dreams help us sort out the day's events.
Cognitive development: Dream content reflects dreamers' level of cognitive development.
Freud's wish fulfillment: dreams provide a psychic safety valve,contain manifest (remembered) and deeper layer of latent (hidden meaning).
Substance Use disorders: continued substance craving and use that hurts the victim later on.
Psychoactive drug: chemical substance that alters perception and moods.
Tolerance: Repeated use
Addiction: Compulsive craving pf drugs.
Withdrawal: Discontinuation of an addictive drug.
What roles do they play in substance use disorders?
May exhibit impaired control, social disruption, risky behavior, and physical effects.
Types of Psychoactive drugs
3) Hallucinogens: Distort perception. Marihuana
2) Stimulants: Caffeine and nicotine and cocaine and ecstasy. Excite the neural activity and speed body functions, causes dilation of pupils and increase energy.
1) Depressants: alcohol and opiates. Slows neural processing and disrupt memory and reduces self awareness and self control.
Drug prevention and treatment
Educate young people about the effects.
Help young people find hobbies and other ways to boost their self esteem
Make them understand the consequences and guilt of being peer pressured.
The three level of analysis
Biology: role of genes
Psychological: lack sense of purpose, depressed
Social cultural: peer pressured, cultural acceptance of drug use.