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Glaucoma - Coggle Diagram
Glaucoma
diagnostic tests
VISUAL FIELD TEST (checking for areas of vision loss)
PACHYMETRY 厚度测量 (measuring corneal thickness)
dilated eye examination & imaging tests (testing for optic nerve damage)
TONOMETRY 眼压针 (measuring intraocular pressure)
GANIOSCOPY房角镜 (inspecting the drainage angle)
prevention
exercise safely: moderate exercise reduce eye pressure
take prescribed eyedrops regularly: reduce the risk of high eye pressure
know
family's eye health history
: will increase the risk, can get more frequent screening
wear
eye protection
(when using power tools): prevent severe eye injuries that will lead to glaucoma
get
regular dilated eye examinations
: detect glaucoma in early stages
treatment
oral medications
surgery
filtering surgery: trabeculectomy (removes part of the trabecular meshwork)
drainage tubes: inserts a small tube shunt分流 in eye, drain away excess fluid - to lower eye pressure
laser therapy: small laser beam to open clogged channels in the trabecular meshwork (open angle glaucoma)
（MIGS (Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery): lower eye pressure, less risk than 2 and 3
eyedrops: help to decrease eye pressure, improving how fluid drains from eyes & decreasing the amount of fluid that eye makes
types
angle-closure glaucoma
*medical emergency (occur suddenly)
def: iris bulges forward 向前凸起 block the drainage angle (formed by the cornea and iris)
normal-tension glaucoma
def: eye pressure is within the normal range, but optic nerve is damaged / limited blood flow to optic nerve
open-angle glaucoma
def: drainage angle remain opened, but
trabecular meshwork
is partially blocked
clinical manifestations
open-angle glaucoma
patchy blind spots in your side / central vision, tunnel vision (in advanced stages)
acute angle-closure glaucoma
severe headache, eye pain, nausea and vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights
causes / risk factors
having high internal eye pressure (intraocular pressure), over age 60, race & ethnicity, having family history of glaucoma, having certain medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, sickle cell anemia), having an eye injury
def: damage the optic nerve that caused by high pressure in eyes (intraocular pressure) - lead to blindness
pathophysiology