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God: (the eternal, omnipotent creator of the Universe, and God of the…
God:
(the eternal, omnipotent creator of the Universe, and God of the Jewish people)
Early Prophetic Tradition:
(Tells through the direct word of God)
Apocalyptic Prophetic tradition:
(tells how the nation will be restored, and enemies will be punished)
Temple Destruction:
(1st Temple: destroyed by the Romans; 2nd Temple: destroyed by the Babylonians)
Expulsion:
(throughout history the Jews have been expelled from many nations including: Ancient Rome, Babylonia, Austria, England, France, Hungary, Lithuania, Spain, and Yemen, among others)
Noah:
(One of the founding fathers of Judaism. Seen as the only righteous man of his time. During this time the world was full of sin and God set out to flood the world to rid it of sin its entirety. God commanded Noah to build an ark with two of each animal so that he, his family, and the animal species could survive the flood)
Messiah:
('anointed one,' Jews believe in a savior and liberator to be the future redeemer of the Jewish people, returning at the end of the world to bring a time of perfect peace and prosperity)
13 Principles of Faith:
(the thirteen fundamental truths of the Jewish religion and its faith, derived from the Torah, as defined by Rabbi Moshe Ben Maimon)
Belief in the existence of the Creator, who is perfect in every manner of existence and is the Primary Cause of all that exists.
The belief in G‑d's absolute and unparalleled unity.
The belief in G‑d's non-corporeality, nor that He will be affected by any physical occurrences, such as movement, or rest, or dwelling.
The belief in G‑d's eternity.
The imperative to worship G‑d exclusively and no foreign false gods.
The belief that G‑d communicates with man through prophecy.
The belief in the primacy of the prophecy of Moses our teacher.
The belief in the divine origin of the Torah.
The belief in the immutability of the Torah.
The belief in G‑d's omniscience and providence.
The belief in divine reward and retribution.
The belief in the arrival of the Messiah and the messianic era.
The belief in the resurrection of the dead.
The Ten Commandments:
(Ten Rules on two stone tablets, given to Moses on Mt. Sinai in which the Jewish people should follow, so be the covenant that God made with them at Mt. Sinai)
Principles:
Covenant:
(a promise god made to Abraham signifying the start of the relationship between God and the Jewish people. This promise ensured that there would be a promised land, descendants, and blessing and redemption)
Abram (ham):
(The founding father of Judaism, and of the covenant)
Hagar:
(The wife of Abraham, and the mother of Ishmael. A concubine, given to him by Sarah to conceive an heir when Sarah did not believe she'd be able to bear a child herself)
Ishmael:
(the son of Hagar and Abraham)
Isaac:
(The son of Abraham and Sarah)
Sarah:
(The wife of Abraham, and the mother of Isaac. Sarah symbolizes motherhood for the entire world)
Tanakh:
(the Hebrew Bible, canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures comprised of the torah, nevi'im, and ketuvim)
Torah:
(comprises the first five books of the Hebrew Bible: Bresheit - "Genesis," Shemot "Exodus," Vayicra - "Leviticus," Bamidbar "Numbers," and Devarim "Deuteronomy").
Nevi'im:
("prophets" - a series of eight books describing the history of Judaism after the death of Moses)
Ketuvim:
("writings" - poetic books, as well as the remaining canonical books of the Jewish Scriptures that aren't included in the Torah or Nevi'im)
The Book of Job:
(The theme is the eternal problem of unmerited suffering. It is named after the central character "Job," who attempts to understand the sufferings that surround him)
Moses:
(One of the most revered prophets and teachers. The leader of the Jewish people out of exile in Egypt)
I. Do not have any other gods.
II. Do not make or worship idols.
III. Do not disrespect or misuse God’s name.
IV. Remember the Sabbath and keep it holy.
V. Honour your mother and father.
VI. Do not commit murder.
VII. Do not commit adultery.
VIII. Do not
steal.
XI. Do not tell lies
X. Do not be envious of others.
Groups:
(different religious Jewish groups/philosophies that came about during the Roman period 63-6 BCE)
Pharisees:
(Sect; Belief in a Messiah, belief in oral and written law, belief in an afterlife, belief that God "punished the evil and rewarded the righteous in the world-to-come," believed Moses had knowledge of laws/how to apply them)
Sadduccees:
(Sect; rejected oral law, practiced celibacy, disbelief in afterlife, believed in literal interpretation of written law)
Essenes:
(Sect; strict dietary law, opposed both pharisees and sadducees)
Zealots:
(Political group deeply dedicated to the Jewish religion, known opposition to Rome & Polytheism)
Denominations:
(different Modern-day groups within Judaism that have developed among Jews over time)
Orthodox:
(Jewish individuals who adhere strictly to traditional observances and Rabbinic interpretation of Jewish law)
Conservative:
(Jewish individuals who regard the authority of Jewish Law and tradition as coming from the generations of Jewish people, rather than that of divine revelation. Conserving essential elements of traditional Judaism while still allowing for the modernization of religious practices)
Reform:
(Jewish autonomous individuals that are more liberal in their faith, putting less focus on ritual and personal observance, and more open to external and progressive values)
Garden of Eden:
(the biblical earthly paradise in which the first man and woman - Adam and Eve inhabited before being expelled for disobeying the commandments of God)
Tree of knowledge of good and evil:
(the only tree in the Garden of Eden from which Adam and Eve may not eat fruit from. Doing so would give them knowledge like God, in which the devil disguised as a serpent entices them. In doing so Adam and Eve earn eternal separation from God for their sin and are forced to leave the paradise of the Garden)
Adam:
(the first man - created in God's image)
Eve:
(the first woman - created from one of Adam's ribs. "The mother of all beings.")
Serpent: (the devil in the form of a snake that entices Eve to eat forbidden fruit from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, in which she does and shares with Adam)
Creation:
(the beginning of the world)
Maimonides:
(a medieval Sephardic Jewish philosopher said to be one of the most influential and prolific Torah scholars of the Middle Ages)
613:
(the number of commandments/mitzvot's (good deeds) found in the Torah)
