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CHAPTER 4: NATURAL RUBBER INDUSTRY - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 4: NATURAL RUBBER INDUSTRY
NATURAL RUBBER PROCESSING
Shaping
Calendaring
Coating
Extrusion
Molding and casting
Transfer molding
Injection molding
Compression molding
Vulcanizing
Mixing
Stage 1
carbon black & non-vulcanizing additivves
Stage 2
Vulcanizing agents after cooling
Compounding
Additives
Filler
Carbon black
To protect from ultraviolet radiation
Appear black in colour
To increase tensile strength and resistance to abrasion and tearing
China clays
hydrous aluminium silicates
Other polymers
PVC
phenolics
Styrene
INTRODUCTION
Havea bransiliensis tree
cis-1,4-poly(isoprene)
A naturally occuring polymer obtained from the latex of rubber trees
Appearance
Milky fluid
Has odour
Sticky
Coagulation process
Action of bacteria (slow reaction)
Addition with acid (fast reaction)
Production of natural rubber
Diluted to 50% with additional water and coagulated by adding formic or acetic acids
Coagulum is then squeezed though a series of rollers
to loose water
to reduce thickness
tapped from rubber trees
Drying
Ribbed smoked sheet in dark brown color
Air-dried sheet
Pale crepe rubber in light tan
Folded into large bales for shipment
TIRES AND OTHER RUBBER PRODUCTS
Conveyor belts
Hose
Shock-absorbing parts
Foamed rubber products
Seals
Sports equipment
Footwear
TIRES
Advantages of radial ply tyres
Longer tread life
Breaking efficiency on wet roads
Smaller slip and higher cornering power
Less tendency to distort and lift off the road from one side
Tire construction
Ply
metal/fabric rubberized cord
Beads
Casing
Internal tire structure
Belt
Tread
Tire production
Building the carcass and adding rubber strips to form the sidewalls and treads
Molding and curing the components into one integral piece
Preforming of components