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Psychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Soma
        
        cell body
      - Axon
        
        Major extension of the soma
      - Cell Membrane
      - Dendrite
        
        branch-like extension of the soma that receives incoming signal from other neurons
      - Myelin Sheath
        
        fatty substance that insulates axons
      - Terminal Buttons
        
        axon terminal containing synaptic vesicles
- - - - sleep disorder in which the sleeper engages in relatively complex behaviors
    - - sleep disorder in which the sufferer has uncomfortable sensations in the legs when trying to fall asleep tat are relieved by moving the legs
    - - night terrors result in a sense of panic in the sufferer and are often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment
- - - - rapid burst of high frequency brain waves during stage 2 sleep that may be important for learning and memory
    - - very high amplitude pattern of brain activity associated with stage 2 sleep that may occur in response to environmental stimuli
- - - - WAIS-IV and WISC-V are tests that measure the intelligence of an individual
    - - Genetics and environment affect intelligence and the challenges of certain learning disabilities. The intelligence levels of all individuals seem to benefit from rich stimulation in their early environments. Highly intelligent individuals, however, may have a built-in resiliency that allows them to overcome difficult obstacles in their upbringing.
  - - - Trial and Error
        
        problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found
      - Applying Algorithms
        
        problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions
      - heuristics
        
        mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem
- - - - Emotions are subjective experiences that consist of physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal. Various theories have been put forward to explain our emotional experiences. The James-Lange theory asserts that emotions arise as a function of physiological arousal. The Cannon-Bard theory maintains that emotional experience occurs simultaneous to and independent of physiological arousal. The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory suggests that physiological arousal receives cognitive labels as a function of the relevant context and that these two factors together result in an emotional experience.
- - - - Antagonist drugs block or impede the normal activity of a given neurotransmitter
    - - A depressant drug tends to suppress central nervous system activities
      - Alcohol
        
        alcohol is a chemical substance found in drinks such as beer, wine, and liquor. It is also found in some medicines, mouthwash, and household products. it is made my a process called fermentation using sugar and yeast
    - - Opioids
        
        Heroin
        
        a highly addictive analgesic drug derived from morphine often used as a narcotic to produce euphoria
        
        Morphine
        
        drug obtained from opium and used medicinally to relieve pain
        
        Methadone
        
        synthetic opioid that is less euphorigenic than heroin and similar drugs; used to manage withdrawal symptoms in opiate users
        
        Codeine
        
        opiate with relatively low potency often prescribed for minor pain
        
        one of a category of drugs that has strong analgesic properties; opiates are produced from the resin of the opium poppy; includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine
      - Agonist drugs are drugs that mimic or strengthen the effect of a neurotransmitter
    - - one of a class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences, often with vivid hallucinations
  - - - emotional, rather than a physical, need for a drug which may be used to relieve psychological distress
    - - changes in normal bodily functions that cause a drug user to experience withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use
- - - - The reason or reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way
    - - The process of encouraging or establishing a belief or pattern of behavior, especially by encouragement or reward
    - - The continued posession, use, or control of something
    - - the action of transferring something or the process of being transferred
  - - - learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior
    - - form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated