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Differences and similarities between monogastric and ruminant…

- - - - Large intestine - absorption of water
      - Small intestines - Bile and pancreatic enzymes are secreted into duodenum and nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream in jejunum and ilium
- - - - Monogastric
        
        Have all the types of teeth present
        
        Dental formula: I: 3/3 C: 1/1 P:4/4 M:3/3
      - Ruminants
        
        Horny pad on upper jaw and diasterna
        
        No incisors or canines
        
        Dental formula:I: 0/3 C:0/1 P:3/3 M:3/3
  - - - Monogastric
        
        Omnivores - eat both plants and animal material
      - Ruminants
        
        Herbivores - only eat plants e.g. grass, silage and hay
  - - - Ruminants
        
        Contains sodium carbonate
        
        Contain 2 enzymes - amylase and lipase
      - Monogastrics
        
        Only contain amylase
  - - - Ruminants
        
        Contain 4 compartments; rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum
        
        Fermentation is carried out by microorganisms in the rumen and reticulum
        
        Rumination occurs where there is regurgitation and rechewing of food
        
        pH of rumen is 6.5 - 7.2
        
        Food moves quickly through the abomasum
      - Monogastric
        
        Only 1 stomach
        
        No fermentation
        
        No regurgitation or rechewing
        
        Food stays in the stomach for some time
        
        pH of stomach is 2