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Mohammad - descendent of Ishmael, one of the brothers of the prophet…
Mohammad - descendent of Ishmael, one of the brothers of the prophet Abraham. According to Islam, he is regarded as the man who transcribed the word of God (known as Allah in Arabic) and is the most important prophet. Mohammad is not a divine vessel such as Jesus, but is a vessel for God to bestow his knowledge.
The Quran is the religious text of Islam written by Mohammad. According to Muslims, it is the most holy thing on this earth because it holds the knowledge of the One God. It provides not only religious guidance but social, political, and economic principles as well.
Short stories and traditions of Mohammad are also shared to a lesser extent. These are known as hadiths.
Because of the emphasis of the power behind God's words in Islam, this leads to a stringent hold of the religion's ideals.
Many Islamic states in the Middle East uphold Sharia law, meaning that they adhere to the law as explained within the Quran. This is a common form of theocracy in the 21st century, where a state is ran through religious leadership.
Jihad is a principle that dictates the struggle against evil in Islam. Many mistake this with jihadism, which is the extremist militancy of Islam against other non-Islamic states due to political Islamic principles. Lesser jihad marks the evil on the outside which adheres to this. Greater jihad marks evil on the inside and attempting to purify oneself, which is more commonly followed in Islam. This form of jihad is non-threatening.
Similar to this is the principle of haram, a more widely used term that describes anything that is forbidden in the eyes of God. This can be sinful behaviors or things deemed impure in the eyes of Muslims.
He set forth the Five Pillars of Islam, which sets the basis for religious worship.
3: Zakat - (charity) - 2.5% of their income must be used to benefit others. Surrendering wealth for the peace of others.
4: Sawm - term used for the fasting which takes place during the holy month of Ramadan, another form of surrendering desires of the flesh.
2: Salah - Prayer. Muslims must practice their daily prayer five times throughout the day. Surrendering time to peace and prayer.
5: Hajj - the vow to take a pilgrimage to Mecca, the holy land of Islam.
1: Shahadah - the declaration of one's faith: There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.
Islam - term meaning surrender while also simultaneously meaning peace. It really translates to the peace found from surrendering to God.
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Abu Bakr was Mohammad's right-hand man, his closest companion and father-in-law. Together they ventured to Yathrib, a place where a large audience wished to hear the prophet speak. This place later became known as Medina, the city of the prophet.
This migration that is revered among Muslims was in truth a way for Muhammad to venture from his homeland of Mecca. Because this is the birthplace of Muhammad, it is considered the birthplace of Islam as well and is revered as the "cradle of Islam". In the Hira cave, a place very near the city, was where the Quran was revealed to Muhammad.
The famous angel Gabriel came to him in this cave during a time where the devout Muhammad had surrendered himself to divine worship.
Islamic Sects
Sunnis - majority of all practicing Muslims, they believe that Muhammad did not designate a successor.
Shiites - majority of Muslims in Iraq/Iran, believe that Muhammad's cousin and son in law Ali became his successor, only to be usurped by the first three caliphs (which includes Abu Bakr). Shiites believe in hereditary succession.
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Sufism - mystical Islamic movement that believes in becoming one with God through chants, music, and physical movement. There is an aim to understand the mystic or hidden meanings of the world.