Unconscioussness*

Ref: Acute Pediatric Neurology 2014

definitions

conscioussness

arousal

awareness

disorders of conscioussness

coma: transient state of unarousable unresonsiveness. arousal - absent, sleep/wake - absent, awareness - absent, motor function - nonpurposeful/reflexive, respiratory function - variable

persistent vegetative state: arousal - present, sleep/wake - present, awareness - absent, motor function - nonpurposeful, respiratory function - present

minimally conscious state: arousal - present, sleep/wake - present, awareness - present, limited, motor function - absent/spinal reflexes, respiratory function - present

locked in syndrome: arousal - present, sleep/wake - present, awareness - present, motor function - tetraplegia, eye movements, respiratory function - present

brain death: arousal - absent, sleep/wake - absent, awareness - absent, motor function - absent/spinal reflexes, respiratory function - absent

impaired awareness: lethargy, obtundation, stupor - imprecise, describe responses to stimuli

delirium: disturbance of consciuossness with reduced ability to focus, sustain and shift attention. Hyperactivity: confusion, excitement, hallucinations. Hypoactivity: appear somnolent

etiology

infections: meningitis, encephalitis, severe sepsis

poisoning

metabolic

seizure

drowning

intracranial haemorrhage

hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy