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Tourism industry, [Link Title]( - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The local economy is probably dominated by tourism at this stage, and many local people will make their money from this type of industry.
  - - - Job oppurtunities
      - Social well being
      - Economy
    - - Increased cooperation in tourism statistics
        
        UNWTO
      - assessment of tourism market trends
      - Promotion of cultural tourism through the Western Silk road
        
        “In connecting East and West through inclusive discourses, internalizing sustainable tourism practices within and between regions, safeguarding natural and cultural heritage through local engagement and participation, and seeking to strengthen tourism innovation and good practices, important steps are being made towards establishing the Silk Road as an internationally renowned, seamless travel experience”.
        
        Bulgary and Greece show great attendance
      - Promoting sustainable, responsible, accessible and ethical tourism
        
        CSR (corporate social responsability)
        
        7 principles
        
        Accountability.
        
        Transparency.
        
        Ethical behavior.
        
        Respect for stakeholder interests.
        
        Respect for the rule of law.
        
        Respect for the international norms of behavior.
        
        Respect for human rights.
        
        Public Private partnership
        
        Public = DESTEP
        
        Privat sectoer = Profit
        
        They synergize through tourist satisfaction :star:
- - - - They operate in medeterenean area
      - funexpres turistic :pencil2:
      - sund air :pencil2:
    - - 70 million trips per year
  - - - Buy guaranteed seats
        
        Most popular option
        
        If you don't find people to buy the seats, you have to sell them anyways
      - Charter full aircrafts
        
        You buy the entire filight and you're in charge of filling the seats. The airline will fill them for you
    - - sell seats from different airlines
    - - sell leftover seats etc.
  - - - Loyalty, transparency and flexibility :star:
  - - - In covid they had to send empty aircrafts :<3:
    - - Misbookings
      - Strikes
      - Cancellations
- - - - Look through the consumer's perspective
        
        They search trough Google, get refered to Transavia and referred again to booking.com
        
        This could create complaints :warning:
        
        Customer service
        
        Ethics regarding certain companies
      - Suppliers in the tourism system
      - Producers
        
        Distributors
        
        Travel agency
        
        Facilitators
        
        Touring clubs banks
        
        Stimulators
        
        NTO's, Regional & Local tourist offices
    - - Demand driven
      - Specialist vs mass tour operator
      - “Community” created tourism products
        
        Airbnb
        
        Couchsurfing
    - - Supply
        
        Tourism supply
        
        Markets
        
        Monopoly
        
        Oligopoly
        
        Contestable markets
        
        Cost control :star:
        
        Types of relationships
        
        Competitors
        
        reduce the value of your business. :warning: But at the same time enhance you to think in terms of innovation :fire:. Competition is crucial for the meso context, but challenging for micro
        
        different types of competition
        
        4 more items...
        
        Competitive methods
        
        3 more items...
        
        Complementors
        
        Enhance the value of your output :<3:
        
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        Suppliers
        
        Supply :recycle:
        
        Customers
        
        demand :check:
        
        Travel distributors
        
        Intermediaries
        
        Tour operators
        
        Destinations
        
        Links with
        
        local population
        
        doesn't get paid for their 'supply' :warning:
        
        Public sector
        
        Law
        
        Research
        
        Information
        
        Secuirity and safety
        
        Traffic and accesability
        
        Hast to take tourism into account. Many things have to be dealt differently with people from aonther culutre, like language :star:
        
        Other industries
        
        Non-profit
        
        heritage
        
        National historic assets :<3:
        
        3 forms of supply
        
        Spatial development
        
        IT
        
        Transport
        
        Descriptions of the industry
        
        Effects of the industry
      - Influence
        
        Transnational companies
        
        Supply chain :unlock:
        
        Tourism supply chains
        
        Typically has four components
        
        tourism supplier
        
        tour operator
        
        travel agent
        
        customer
        
        Characteristics
        
        perishable
        
        High in information
        
        Tourists require transport
        
        highly sensitive to trends and highly competitive
        
        Coordination and information flow is crucial :star:
        
        B2B
        
        Business to consumer
        
        Management of tourism supply
        
        Supply issues :red_flag:
        
        They have to be dynamic :star:
        
        Supply and demand are constantly changing :black_flag:
        
        If not adjusted, a company will fall for the competition :red_flag:
        
        Hierarchy
        
        Horizontal hierarchy :star:
        
        A manager has to work towards a set of common objectives :star:
        
        Different roles within the company
        
        CEO
        
        Top manager
        
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        Middle manager
        
        Firt-line manager
        
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        Tourism supply chain management (TSCM) optimizes the delivery of tourism services and experiences
        
        Collaboration
        
        Internal
        
        risk sharing, shaping the competition
        
        External
        
        IT, economic/product/market changes,
  - - - Air transportation
        
        Organization of airline industry
        
        Business involved in contraction
        
        Guarenteed contract
        
        Good price
        
        They promise to keep X amount of rooms
        
        Exclusivity can be guaranteed
        
        A deal that prevents competition from booking
        
        Overbooking :warning:
        
        More bookings than seats
        
        A number of people doesn't show up
        
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        Solve problem
        
        1 more item...
        
        Disadvantage :warning:
        
        Pay in advance
        
        High risk
        
        Allotment contract
        
        = Reserved untill a certain date
        
        Disadvantages :warning:
        
        Higher price
        
        No last minute deals
        
        Mostly used in buyers market
        
        Car Rental
        
        :pencil2: europcar
        
        Hotels
        
        Internationally known hotels
        
        Are easier to maintain business relations with
        
        Ibis :pencil2:
        
        Full service carrier (FSC)
        
        KLM :pencil2:
        
        Often well known airlines that fly all over the world
        
        Intercontinental network
        
        not very luxurious
        
        High luxury
        
        Qatar
        
        5 stars
        
        TUI
        
        seat only tickets
        
        Visit family (no other activities involved
        
        Package deals
        
        Low cost carrier (LCC)
        
        Ryanair :pencil2:
        
        EasyJet :pencil2:
        
        Ultra value
        
        Seat only product
        
        High marketing
        
        Traditional value
        
        Point to point operations
        
        Price sensitive
        
        Modern value
        
        High price
        
        Often flying from primary airports
        
        Hybrid
        
        Westjet :pencil2:
        
        JetBlue :pencil2:
        
        Between FSC and LCC
        
        Low cost business model but a standard of service
        
        Charter airlines
        
        Often related to a tour operator
        
        Very reliant on their wishes and packages :
        
        Customers aren't always aware of the airline brand
        
        They don't make a conscious decision
        
        They take slots into consideration
        
        Open space to land airplane
        
        Since they sell packages they can sell at whatever slot is availlable (for a lower price) :star:
        
        Cargo
        
        A tour operator has inside connections with these airlines :star:
        
        To sell as a part of their own packages
      - Law
    - - = production
        
        =
  - - - 6 or 7 guest speakers
  - - - Finance
      - Complicated partnership
        
        Distributors
        
        There is money envolved in every step :explode:
      - Contracting department
        
        Will start 6-18 months before start of the season :star:
        
        Calculationns
        
        Comissions
        
        Sell packages to supplier
        
        Distributor takes a comission from TO
        
        = difference between the price TO pays and the price they receive from sell
        
        Net costs
        
        = all costs from TAA (3 V's)
        
        From flights
        
        Charter flight = comparable to a guaranteed contract
        
        2 more items...
        
        Full Service carrier
        
        2 more items...
        
        Publish
        
        3 more items...
        
        Contract
        
        2 more items...
        
        Calculation variables
        
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        Winterseason
        
        november-april
        
        Summerseason
        
        april - november
        
        7 months
      - Package deals
        
        3 V's
        
        Transpot
        
        Acommodation
        
        Additional
        
        Put together into a package :black_flag:
        
        Types of packages
        
        Flight excluded
        
        ATOL protected
        
        a scheme that protects travellers and their money if the travel operator they booked with ceases trading, before, or whilst they're on holiday. This means you will be able to claim your money back or continue your holiday and be repatriated.
        
        Air Travel Organiser's Licence
        
        In NL is dit de SGR
        
        Insurance :check:
        
        They usually give a price per person :!:
        
        If if it's a hotel room that can be used for more people
        
        In the tour operator business
  - - - OTAs are the fastest growing sales channel for tours, activities and attractions. OTAs selling part day, day and short trips and experiences are widely used by FITs. European tour operators also use OTAs to sell their multi-day holidays. Examples include Travelstride, Tourradar and TourHound. OTAs have an extensive reach and can provide direct access to large numbers of potential customers who are otherwise hard to reach. OTAs charge suppliers a commission on the products they sell and manage payments and customer service on your behalf.
    - - Global transnational companies
        
        its organizational behaviour, methods of financing and approach to marketing and promotion comprise global activities in their own right.
      - TUI :pencil2:
      - Thomas Cook :pencil2:
- - - - Supply and demand of
        
        Hotels
        
        Flight companies