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Unseen Prose 1890-1910, by the end of the era there was a gradual thawing…
Unseen Prose 1890-1910
Women
idea of separate spheres - men and women were completely different: women were physically weaker but morally stronger than men. Women chained to the domestic sphere
Florence Nightingale (died 1910)- made nurses into highly trained professionals
the death rate from post- operative shock and ‘hospital gangrene’ fell dramatically
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England
still believed bad smells caused disease, and lots of pollution in the cities
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Life expectancy in Britain - 45 for an average middle class man, and death rate still very high in towns and cities
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general idea that hard work and perseverance would win in the end, despite societal struggles
industrial revolution had previously caused a massive class divide, and population doubled in this era
Malthus population theory exemplified class divide and lack of care for the poor, Dicken's work had moral messages
religion
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a gradual rejection of religious ideas, amplified by Darwin's theory of evolution (1859)
intro
tone/genre: journalistic, whimsical etc
what does the author do? are they commenting on class, gender, race?
why have they emphasised this? is it to criticise, satirise, support?
Literary Styles
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Early Victorian writers, responded to the social changes due to the shift from an agricultural to an industrial society and the decline of traditional religious beliefs, amplified by Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in 1859
writers adopted a moral aesthetic and maintained that literature should provide fresh values and an understanding of the newly emerging society.
examined complications of forming a personal identity in a world in which traditional social structures were breaking down. Social mores were their subject and realism their form of expression.
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In its ideology of 'aestheticism,' a belief in the notion of art for art's sake, decadence
In literary history, the term decadence specifically applies to a late nineteenth century movement marked by supposedly amoral sentiments, extensive use of sensual or exotic imagery, and aestheticism
Realism ended in 1890
Realism writers wanted to show ordinary people living their ordinary lives, struggling with ordinary life problems. They also found it important to show “truth” in their writing. Instead of dramatizing or romanticizing, realism writers wrote on mundane everyday life experiences.
Naturalism 1890-1914
Naturalism writers showed extreme realism in their literary work based on the idea that the human character is shaped by its surroundings or environment. They also showed how man submits to the material world, and that man has no control over his fate. influenced by Darwin
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use the supporting extracts as contextual evidence, link closely with the text with quote evidence. Then tack on some more knowledge if you have it.
to get AO5 marks consider alternative interpretations of the text, alternative writer intentions etc. consider a range of possible readings
use supporting extracts to inform these alternative responses. the supporting extracts ARE alternative interpretations!
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