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Chapter 32: Research Onion: A Step-by Step Guide, image, LIEW YIN WEN…
Chapter 32: Research Onion: A Step-by Step Guide
Saunder's Research Onion Model
Research approach
Research strategy
Research philosophy
Choice
Time horizons
Techniques and procedures
Research philosophy
1st layer of research onion
Epistemology:
concerned with the nature of knowledge and different methods of gaining knowledge
Realism
- philosophical view that claims that the world exists independent of the mind
Interpretivism
- emphasize the use of qualitative analysis over quantitative or statistical analysis to obtain the results
Positivism
- theory that states knowledge comes from things that can be experienced with the senses or proved by logic
Ontology:
concerned with the study of reality or things that exhibit reality
Constructivism
- theory that states human construct knowledge through their intelligence, experiences, and interactions with the world
Pragmatism
- practical approach to problems
Objectivism
- idea that human knowledge and values are objective and are determined by the nature of reality
Research approach
- 2nd layer of research onion
Deductive
flows from generic to specific
starts with theory and move on to research question or hypothesis
findings would either confirm/reject the research question or hypothesis
associated with quantitative research
Inductive
flows from specific to general
moves from specific observations to broader generalizations
linked with qualitative research
Research strategies
3rd layer of research onion
Survey
Case study
Experiment
Action research
Grounded theory
Ethnography
Archival research
Research choice
4th layer of research onion
Mixed-methods
- collects both qualitative and quantitative data with an intention to use those equally in the research study
Multi-method
- combination of both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques while analysis of collected data is done using one perspective only
Mono-method
- collecting either qualitative data or quantitative data
Time horizons
5th layer of research onion
Cross-sectional
- collect data from many different individuals at a single point in time.
Longitudinal
- studies event and behaviors using concentrated samples over a long period of time
Techniques and procedures
centre of the onion
Decide on how to sampling the population
Determine the ty of data analysis
Decide on data collection methods
Set up materials that will be uSed for the study
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