Skin diseases in the tropics
Yellow fever
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Dengue
Vector: Aedes aegypti
Vector: Aedes aegypti
Vector: Sandfly
Clinical manifestations:
Critical phase
Convalescent phase: plasma leakage and hemorrhage resolve, vital signs stabilize, and accumulated fluids are resorbed. An additional rash (a confluent, erythematous eruption with small islands of unaffected skin that is often pruritic) may appear during the convalescent phase (within one to two days of defervescence and lasting one to five days)
Febrile phase: sudden high-grade fever (≥38.5°C) accompanied by headache (sometimes with eye pain), vomiting, myalgia, arthralgia, and a transient macular rash in some cases.
Critical phase: Around the time of defervescence (typically days 3 to 7 of infection), a small proportion of patients (typically children and young adults) develop a systemic vascular leak syndrome characterized by plasma leakage, bleeding, shock, and organ impairment [36]. The critical phase lasts for 24 to 48 hours.
Causal agent: Flaviviridae
Causal agent: New world leishmaniasis
Causal agent: Flavoviridae
Clinical manifestations:
Period of remission: asting up to 48 hours may follow the period of infection, characterized by the abatement of fever and symptoms
Period of intoxication: begins on the third to sixth day after the onset of infection with return of fever, prostration, nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, jaundice, oliguria, and hemorrhagic diathesis. The viremia disappears at this stage and antibodies appear in the blood
Period of infection: viremia, which lasts for three to four days. The patient is febrile and complains of generalized malaise, headache, photophobia, lumbosacral pain, pain in the lower extremities, myalgia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, restlessness, irritability, and dizziness
Clinical manifestations
L. Braziliensis
L. Mexicanatext
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis: begins as a pink-colored papule that enlarges and develops into a nodule or plaque-like lesion and this can lead to painless ulceration with an indurated border the ulcer may be covered with thick white-yellow fibrinous material.
L. Panamensis