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Can we live to 100 years and older - Coggle Diagram
Can we live to 100 years and older
Genetics
Genetic disorders from birth
Health conditions
Cystic fibrosis
Inherited disorder that damages lungs and digestive organs
Sickle cell anemia
Inherited disorder that leads to the deformation and premature deaths of red blood cells.
Huntington's Disease
Inherited disorder that leads to the degradation of nerve cells in the brain
Birth defects
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
Chromosomal mutation leading to developmental and intellectual delays
Turner syndrome
Chromosomal mutation leading to short stature, learning disabilities, lack of ovaries
Achondroplasia
Random cell mutation leading to dwarfism
Genetic mutations
Inherited predisposition to certain illnesses
Cancer
Obesity
Diabetes
Heart disease
Mental illnesses
Polygenic risk score
Estimated risk of developing a disease based upon the combination of variants in genes in a person's genome.
Inherited resistance to certain illnesses
Infectious diseases
Certain types of cancer
Cardiovascular disease
Delay the onset of dementia and Alzheimer's
Genes are passed on throughout subsequent generations from parents to offspring, leading to inherited medical conditions.
Can experience random mutation from external environmental factors such as radiation, drug exposure and infection.
Exercise
Reduce the risk of certain chronic diseases
Coronary heart disease
Obesity
Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure)
Diabetes
High cholesterol
Stroke
Cancer
Slows the process of aging
People who exercised had longer telomeres than sedentary people, meaning slower cell aging.
Anti-inflammatory properties for muscles and tissues
Boost mood
Improved sleep
Improved cognitive functions
Improved immune system
Improved digestive functions
150+ minutes of moderate exercise weekly (i.e. brisk walking) increased life expectancy by about 7 years.
Diet and nutrition
Drug use
Habitual users (i.e. around 5 times daily) could lose 30-50 years of their lives (American Addiction Centres).
Increased risk of mental illness
Organ damage
Brain
Heart
Lungs
Liver
Stomach
Throat
Pancreas
Cancers
Smoking
10 years shorter life expectancy than non-smokers
Increased risk of cancers
Lung cancer
Mouth cancer
Stomach cancer
Liver cancer
Esophageal cancer
Increased risk of various medical conditions
Cardiovascular disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Pneumonia
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Alcohol consumption
Should be consumed in moderation (i.e. 1-3 drinks a week)
Individuals who consumed in excess of 25 drinks a week may have a shorter life expectancy of 4-5 years.
Increased risk of mental illness
Organ damage
Brain (stroke, dementia)
Heart (high blood pressure, heart attacks)
Liver failure
Infertility
Cancers
Diet
Processed foods
Obesity
Cardiovascular disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Natural foods
Fruits and vegetables
Detoxifying effects
Anti-cancer properties
Contains essential vitamins (A, B, C, E)
Anti-diabetic properties
Benefits immune function
Contains antioxidants
Slows cell aging
Prevent cognitive deterioration
Anti-inflammatory properties for blood vessel walls
Reduces risk of heart disease and stroke
Nuts and seeds
Contains antioxidants
Reduces cholesterol
Reduces risk of heart disease
Beans and legumes
Prevents certain cancers (bowel etc.)
Lower cholesterol
Maintain a healthy blood sugar level
Anti-diabetic properties
Fish
Omega 3 fatty acids
Reduce risk of heart disease
Reduce risk of high blood pressure
Nutrients
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
Minerals
Vitamins
Fibre
Environment
Communities
Remote / isolated communities
Increased difficulty in accessing basic healthcare necessities
On average, male Aboriginal people died 8.6 years earlier than non-Aboriginal males, and female Aboriginal people died 7.8 years earlier than non-Aboriginal females (Australian Government, 2020).
Developing countries
Higher crime rates
Increased chances of dying due to unnatural causes (i.e. murder)
Lower income
Poverty
Unable to access basic human necessities (i.e. clean water, foods that contain an abundance of nutrients etc.)
Malnourishment
Unable to access basic medical care
Inability to receive medical treatment for diseases
Increased likelihood of dying to illness
Increased danger of performing complex surgeries (i.e. childbirth)
Unable to access education on how to lead healthy lifestyles to increase health and lifespan
Developed countries
Lower crime rates
Lower chances of dying due to unnatural causes
Able to afford luxuries to increase the quality of one's life
Wealth
Able to choose between a diverse range of nutritious foods
Unrestricted access to advanced medical procedures and technology to treat diseases and medical complications.
Access to education on how to improve life expectancy by living healthily.
Living standards (socioeconomic factors)
Poverty
Inferior quality of education on healthy lifestyles
Inability to afford basic healthcare necessities (i.e. medicine, clinical checkups etc.)
Unable to receive appropriate medical attention needed for life-threatening situations (i.e. infections, disease, toxins etc.)
Limited access to nutritious food
Malnourishment, nutrient deficiency and growth difficulties
Unable to afford luxuries to improve quality of life
Wealth
Ability to afford healthcare
Access to nutritious food
Access to education
The importance of lifestyle and diet
Better job opportunities
More income
Able to afford luxuries
Happier lifestyle and greater satisfaction
What type of family and social class is one born into?
Medical technology
Medical devices
Better diagnostic capabilities
Blood tests
CT scans
MRI scans
Better prevention and early identification of potentially life-threatening illnesses (i.e. cancer)
ECG / EKG
X-rays
Surgical procedures
Robotic surgeries
Telesurgery (remote robotic surgery)
3D printing body parts and organs
Revolutionize organ and tissue transplant?
Minimally invasive / non-invasive surgeries
Ultrasound surgery to kill cancer cells
Endoscopic Surgery
Pharmaceutical drugs
Antibiotics
Specifically targeted for bacterial infections
Engineered to target hostile bacterial cells instead of body cells
Helps the immune system in fighting bacterial infections, reducing the risk of dying to these diseases.
Vaccines
Eradication of disease (e.g. smallpox, rinderpest)
Immunity against lethal illnesses, decreasing the risk of dying to these diseases