Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Skin diseases in the tropic - Coggle Diagram
Skin diseases in the tropic
Dengue
Transmitted by Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus
There are four closely related by serologically distinct DENV types of the genus Flavivirus
called DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4
Dengue with out warning signs
Nauseas/vomiting
Rash
Headache, eye pain, muscla ache, or joint pain
Leukopenia
Positive tourniquete test
Dengue with warning signs
Abdominal pain or tenderness
Persistent vomiting
Clinical fluid accumulation (ascities, pleural efussion)
Mucosa bleeding
Lethargy or restlessness
Hepatomegaly >2cm
Severe Dengue
Severe plasma leakage leading to
Shock
Fluid accumulation with respiratory distress
Severe bleeding (as evaluated by clinician)
Severe organ involvement:
Impaired consciousness
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≥ 1000 units/L
Organ failure
Yellow fever
Mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever
Clinical manifestations
Hepatic dysfunction
Renal failure
Coagulopathy
Shock
Period of infection
Laboratory abnormalities include leokopenia (1500 to 2500 per microL) with relative neutropenia
Leukopenia occurs rapidly after the onset of illness
Serum transaminase levels start to rise 48 and 72 hpurs after onset of illness.
The degree of liver enzyme abnormalities at this stage may predict the severity of hepatic disfuction
Period of remission
A period of remission lasting up to 48 hours may follow the period of intection
Characterized by the abatement of fever and symptoms
Period of intoxication
Begins on the third to sicth day after the onset of infection with return of fever
The viremia disappears at this stage
Antibodies appear in the blood
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Vector-borne diseases
Caused by a heterogeneous group of protooa
Clinical manifestations range from:
Cutaneous ulcers
Systemic multiorgan disease
Asymptomatic infection may occur in about 10% of patients.
Parasite virulence and variability in the host immune response
Spectrum:
Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML)
Leishmaniasis recidivans (LR)
(oligoparasitic disease associated with a marked cellular immune response)
Localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL)
most common
Begins as a pink-colored papule that enlarges
Sand fly bite reactions are generally pruriric but usually do nor enlarge
Cutaneous lesions tend to occur on exposed areas of skin
Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL)
Is caused by polyparasitic disease with a predominance of parasitized macrophages and no granulomatous inflammation
