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TENS - Coggle Diagram
TENS
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Opioid mechanism
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Pain signals are detected by hypothalamus, cerebral cortext and amygdala = sends signal back down via periaqueductal grey matter = stimulates production of serotonin
Serotonergic neuron descends to spinal cord to release serotonin to synapse with neurone that produces enkephalin (endogenous opioid)
Enkephalin binds to delta receptor on pain neuron and stops pain signals from travelling back up brain
Cellular mechanism
Method of electrical stimulation which stimulates the sensory nerves and stimulates pain gate or opioid system = opioid is the desirable method
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Small muscle contractions cause micro-massage = relaxes muscle, removes oedema, encourages blood flow = new nutrients and O2 and removes toxins
Settings:
Mode: Normal/continuous
Pulse rate: 2Hz
Pulse width: 220-250us
Start with 15-20 minutes but should be 30 minutes.
BID for 5-7 days then SID until palpable changes
Following that, use 2-3 times per week