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CHAPTER 2 PLANNING, TACTICAL PLANNING, MANAGERS - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2 PLANNING
PURPOSES
-SET THE STANDARDS TO
FACILITATE CONTROL
-INCREASE EFFICIENCY BY MINIMIZES WASTE & REDUNDANCY
-HELPS IN DECISION-MAKING
-REDUCE THE IMPACT OF
CHANGE
-PROVIDES DIRECTION
-HELPS IN DECISION-MAKING
ENCOURAGE CREATIVITY &
INNOVATION
IS A PREREQUISITE(PRASYARAT) THAT DETERMINES ALL OTHER MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
BARRIERS TO PLANNING
MANAGERS FACE SELF-CONFLICT IN ESTABLISHING GOALS
REFUSAL TO GIVE UP OLD GOALS OR ALTERNATIVE GOALS
FEAR OF FAILURE
LACK OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION
INSUFFICIENT KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
LACK OF SELF-CONFIDENCE
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEES REFUSE TO ACCEPT CHANGES IN A PLAN
UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE IMPACT OF CHANGES
RELUCTANCE TO FOREGO EXISTING GOALS
DIFFERENT EVALUATION AND PERCEPTIONS
PROCESS
STEP 1 -ESTABLISH GOALS
STEP2- DEFINE THE CURRENT SITUATION
STEP 3- IDENTIFY ASSISTANCE & RESISTANCE
STEP 4- DEVELOP A SET OF ACTIONS
STEP 5- RE-EVALUATE GOALS
TYPES
SHORT-TERM PLANNING- (1YEAR / LESS)
SINGLE-USE PLAN
BUDGET
PROJECT
PROGRAMME
STANDING PLAN
RULES
PROCEDURES
POLICIES
OPERATIONAL PLANNING
MID-TERM PLANNING- (1-5
YEARS)
MIDLLE-LINE MANAGERS / TACTICAL MANAGERS
STRATEGIC PLANNING
PERFORMED BY TOP-LINE MANAGERS / STRATEGIC MANAGERS
LONG TERM PLANNING-(2-10YEARS)
DEFINITION
-PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING GOALS , SETTING OUT OBJECTIVES
-GOALS & OBJECTIVES ARE TO
BE ATTAINED
TACTICAL PLANNING
MANAGERS