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Infection & Response - Coggle Diagram
Infection & Response
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Viral diseases
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HIV
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Late stage HIV infection, or AIDS, occurs when the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no longer deal with other infections or cancers.
HIV is spread by sexual contact or exchange of body fluids such as blood which occurs when drug users share needles.
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Bacterial diseases
Salmonella
food poisoning is spread by bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions.
Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea are caused by the bacteria and the toxins they secrete.
Gonorrhoea
a sexually transmitted disease (STD) with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating.
It is caused by a bacterium and was easily treated with the antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains appeared.
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The spread can be controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom.
Fungal diseases
Rose black spot
a fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.
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. Rose black spot can be treated by using fungicides and/or removing and destroying the affected leaves.
Protist diseases
malaria
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The spread of malaria is controlled by preventing the vectors, mosquitos, from breeding and by using mosquito nets to avoid being bitten.
Human defence systems
The human body has non-specific defence systems to defend against pathogens, including the:
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The immune system also plays a role in the defence against disease. If a pathogen enters the body the immune system tries to destroy the pathogen.
Vaccination
Vaccination will prevent illness in an individual, and the spread of pathogens can be reduced by immunising a large proportion of the population.
Vaccination involves introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce antibodies.
If the same pathogen re-enters the body the white blood cells respond quickly to produce the correct antibodies, preventing infection.
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