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transcription and translation - Coggle Diagram
transcription and translation
types of RNAs
mRNA
encode the amino acid sequence with the codons
tRNA
carries specific amino acid according to the anticodon
rRNA
component of the ribosome,can function as enzyme
micro RNA
can regulate gene expression by binding to certain sequence
mRNA synthesis
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter
RNA pol elongates the RNA
transcription terminates
rho independent type : RNA forms a hairpin and makes the polymerase dissociate
rho dependent type: rho protein cleaves RNA from RNA pol after catching up with it
processing mRNA
splicing and rejoining
adding 5' cap and 3' poly A tail
degradation
types of introns
group I and II are self-splicing
spliceosomal introns are spliced by spliceosomes
tRNA introns are spliced by protein based enzymes
principles of coding in biology
nonoverlapping
four-letter code in groups of three
five stages of protein synthesis
activation of amino acids
tRNA aminoacylated
initiation of translation
mRNA and aminoacylated tRNA bind to ribosome
elongation
cycles of aminoacy-tRNA binding and peptide bond formation
termination and ribosome recycling
mRNA and protein dissociate,ribosome recycled
folding and posttranslational processing
catalyzed by a variety of enzymes
wobble pairing
the third nucleotide in anti codon isn't as important as the two ahead
one anti codon may pair with multiple codons
protein degradation
proteins are linked to ubiquitin in eukaryotes