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Topic 2.6 Giant Covalent Structures - Coggle Diagram
Topic 2.6 Giant Covalent Structures
Background and Examples
In a macromolecular structure, all the atoms in the crystal are held together but strong covalent bonds to give a giant three-dimensional lattice.
Thus, the structure is very stable.
Examples: Silicon, Diamond and Silicon Dioxide(Sand)
General Properties of Giant Covalent Structures
High melting and boiling point because of the strong covalent bonds between the atoms throughout the entire molecule.
Exist in solid state.
Do not conduct electricity except graphite due to 1 unbonded electron per carbon atoms.
Usually insoluble in all solvents.
Diamond
Giant Covalent Structure
Each carbon atom is
tetrahedrally
bonded to 4 other carbon atoms.
Bonded together by strong covalent bonds to give a three-dimensional giant lattice.
Due to these strong bonds, diamond is rigid and strong and has a high melting point.
Only a diamond can cut another diamond.
Allotropes (Different forms or structures of an element in the same physical state) with graphite.
Silicon
Similar structure to diamond
Graphite
Has a hexagonal structure which consists of layers with rings of 6 carbon atoms that are joined together.
Within the layer, each carbon atoms form strong covalent bonds with 3 other carbon atoms. Between the layer, weak intermolecular forces of attraction exist.