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Confucius (Kongzi) - "The First Teacher", a man born in 550 BCE…
Confucius (Kongzi) - "The First Teacher", a man born in 550 BCE who was known for his wisdom and counsel that shaped much of Chinese tradition
His Teachings
Five Constant Relationships - there are five relationships according to Confucius that are inescapable (all people acquire them), hierarchal (some more important than others), and asymmetrical (different qualifications for each partner*)
- Older friend - Younger friend
- Older sibling - Younger sibling
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*(The Asymmetry of these relationships states that the behavior of one person of the relationship is not identical to what is appropriate for the other)
The Analects - a collection of Confucius' sayings and anecdotes that is said to be written and compiled by his students
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Five Principles
Li - rules of moral order. Confucius was very big on tradition and ritual, claiming that it was important in understanding the Dao, or Way. A gentleman must have a sense of traditionalism.
Te (de) - translates to power. Not the realist definition of power as a force of strength, but power as in devotion or influence over others. Confucius was no strong man, yet he was powerful enough that his counsel was desired by many rulers.
Chun Tzu - translates closely to gentleman, Confucius often spoke of gentlemen who follow in the ways of virtue, a term used to describe a matured person.
Wen - the arts of peace - music, art, poetry. Confucius was absorbed in the arts, believing in their power to transform human nature in the direction of virtue.
Jen - meaning virtue or respect, this is what Confucius saw as the highest good that can be attained. It is used to describe the ideal relationship between people.
Time Period
Confucius lived towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, during a militant time of no-peace known as the Warring States Period.
The Shang Dynasty was the first historical dynasty of China, formed around 1600 BCE. The Zhou dynasty later succeeded it around 1100 BCE, with the claim that the prior emperor had lost the "mandate of heaven", which governs who has divine ruling power.
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