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Diseases in agricultural production - Coggle Diagram
Diseases in agricultural production
Animal disease
Example
Footrot in sheep
Infectious disease in the hooves
Factors of outbreak
Pathogen
Dichelobacter nodosus must be present
Environmental
Bacterium only survive in soil outside host for max. 4 days
Warm weather favours growth of bacteria
Long, dense & wet pastures aid in pathogen transfer and survival
Host
Dry feet with intact tissues are not infected
Resevoirs of bacteria may form in individual animals' feet for years
Dermatitis must already be present between the toes for bacteria to invade and establish information
Overgrown hooves provide suitable environment for the bacteria
Cause
Pathogenic bacterium Dichelobacter nodosus
Effect
Causes painful abscesses between the toes
Lameness
Weightloss
Affected grazing
Plant disease
Example
Panama disease of bananas
Pathogen
Highly contagious fungus
Fusarium oxysporum
Effect
Conducting tissues are damaged
Plant is starved of water and food
Fungus contaminates the soil permanently
Biosecurity risk
No other plants can be grown commercially
All bananas on the farm being destroyed
Price of bananas increase
Runoff must be contained to prevent further spread of disease
Spread through root-to-root contact
contaminated soil from shoes and machinery
Panama tropical race 4 disease
Majority of plant infections caused by:
Bacteria
Nematodes
Insects and mites
Viruses
Phytoplasms
Factors contributing to the risk of infectious disease
Antomicrobial resistance
Pesticide resistance
climate change
Loss of genetic diversity
Changing patters of land use
Rise of intensive and industrial type agriculture
Increased mobility of human population