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Cell biology - Coggle Diagram
Cell biology
Cell division- mitosis
Cells go through a series of changes involving growth and division, called the cell cycle.
One of the stages is mitosis, when the cell divides into two identical cells.
Before a cell can divide it needs to grow and increase the number of sub-cellular structures, such as ribosomes and mitochondria.
The DNA then replicates to form two copies of each chromosome. In this way the genetic material is doubled.
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Cancer
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Benign tumours are growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area, usually within a membrane. They do not invade other parts of the body.
Malignant tumour cells are cancers. They invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body in the blood where they form secondary tumours.
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Microscopy
In order to study cells microscopy skills have developed over time and electron microscopy has increased understanding of sub cellular structures.
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An electron microscope has much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope. this means that it can be used to study cells in much finer detail.
Diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Diffusion
Diffusion is movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
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Some of the substances transported in and out of cells by diffusion are oxygen and carbon dioxide in gas exchange
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Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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Active transport
Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient).
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Active transport allows mineral ions to be absorbed into plant root hairs from very dilute solutions in the soil.
Plants require ions for healthy growth. It also allows sugar molecules to be absorbed from lower concentrations in the gut into the blood which has a higher sugar concentration. Sugar molecules are used for cell respiration.
Animal and plant cells
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Plant
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They also have:
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A permanent vacuole filled with cell sap, which supports the plant.
Plants need to make their own food, so some of their cells contain chloroplasts.
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